1. Westward Expansion
From Sea to Shining Sea

2. The Louisiana Territory (15.2)

3. The Louisiana Territory (15.2)
Vocab:
Territory = a region designed by Congress and organized under a governor; a region of land
Louisiana
First territory offered for expansion
Butts up with MS River on the East
Ideal for farming, trading, transportation
Extends all the way to the Rocky Mts.
“A Noble Bargain”
Jefferson purchases territory from France (Napoleon) for $15 million
This more than doubled the size of the country at the time
The Purchase Debate
Not everyone supported the purchase
Concerns included:
How would it be governed?
Did the country have enough money to spend on this purchase?
Claims of purchase being unconstitutional
Purchase was approved and ratified in 1803

4. Florida(15.3)

5. Florida(15.3) Vocab: Jackson Invades Florida “Govern or get out”
Diplomacy = conducting negotiations with other countries
Jackson Invades Florida
Florida under Spain’s control
Prez. Monroe sent Jackson to GA to chase Natives back to FL
Jackson instead brought 1700 troops to FL and took over the region
He even replaced the Spanish governor
Spain was angry
“Govern or get out”
Monroe, advised by Adams, threatens Spain to run FL properly or get out
Spain, fearing war and in need of money opts out
Sells FL to US in 1819 for $5 million
Spain would continue control of Texas

6. Texas (15.3)

7. Texas (15.3) American come to Texas Rising Tension The Texans Rebel
Texas = a valuable territory, run by Spain
1821 Spanish officials give businessman, Austin, a piece of land in TX
Simultaneously, Mexico declares independence from Spain & Texas becomes part of Mexico
Austin could still start colony but settlers who were allowed in had to be Mexican citizens and become Catholic
Rising Tension
By 1830: 25,000 Americans to 4,000 Tejanos (Texans from Mexico)
Americans did not like the way Mexico governed
Angered the Mexico outlaws slavery
Mexico was resentful of US and closed border for further immigration
The Texans Rebel
Austin askes MX to reopen borders for immigration
Santa Ana jails Austin
In response, Texans revolt, Santa Ana responds with force

8. Texas (15.3) Annex = to add a territory to a country The Alamo
San Antonio, TX
Texas took control of the mission building
Santa Ana had his men surround the building
12 day bombardment
March 6, 1836: 90 minute battle, all Texans died
Texans enraged
Texans win Independence
Sam Houston = commander of Texas army
Houston draws Santa Ana’s troops deeper into TX
Texas War for Independence
Surprise attack = Santa Ana retreats = independence won
“Remember the Alamo”
To Annex Texas or Not?
Earned nickname = The Lone Star State
US had different opinions
South = approved of annexation since Texas allowed slavery
North = opposed annexation because they did not support it entering as a slave state
Manifest Destiny wins = Texas is annexed in 1845
Annex = to add a territory to a country

9. Oregon Country (15.5)

10. Oregon Country (15.5) Discovering Oregon Oregon Fever
1819 = Russia, Spain, Great Britain, US claim OR Country
1835 = Only GB and US remain
US entered thanks to Lewis & Clark expedition btwn 1804 – 1806
Smith found a safer, flatter route through he Rockies called South Pass
Oregon Fever
Missionaries were first to travel the South Pass
1843 = over 1000 pioneers had travelled west to OR and the numbers continued to multiply
All of Oregon or Half?
1844 = Polk elected president
Rallied supporters: he wanted to annex all of OR country
“All of Oregon or None” “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”
Treaty with Great Britain
Ratified in 1846
GB moves North into present day Canada
No fighting needed

11. The Mexican-American War (15.6)

12. The Mexican-American War (15.6)
War Breaks Out In Texas
Polk continued expanding US borders
Wanted CA and NM
Under the control of Mexico at that time
Albeit loosely governed and thinly populated
The annexation of Texas infuriated Mexico
1846 = Mexico fires on US troops on the Rio Grande killing 16.
Polk declares this an act of war
Mexican-American War is on!
The Fall of New Mexico & California
Gen. Kearny led the Army of the West out of Kansas in to NM then CA
Mexico could not keep up
Kearny takes NM without a fight
Meantime, Fremont led rebellion against MX in CA
Bear Flag Republic
Kearny & Fremont join forces in CA = become victorious

13. The Mexican-American War (15.6)
US Invades Mexico
Gen. Taylor brings troops to MX from TX
Northern MX = forces meet in Buena Vista, bloody battles
Santa Ana gives up
Southern MX
US Gen. Scott takes Mexico City
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1848 treaty signed by US and MX
Land acquired becomes known as the Mexican Cession
Present day CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM
Terms included:
MX gave up half its territory
US paid MXD $15million & agreed to protect MX citizens in TX
Congress disagreed on the treaty but it was approved by a vote of 38-14
Gadsden Purchase
1853 = James Gadsden purchased land just south of MX Cession for $10million
Land was great for extending railroad – transportation made easier
Purchase created border between US and MX