1. Update on USGBC LEED and Air Filtration NAFA 2008 Annual Convention San Francisco, CA September 19, 2008
by Francis (Bud) J. Offermann PE CIH
Indoor Environmental Engineering
San Francisco, CA
(415)

2. Francis (Bud) J. Offermann PE CIH
Licensed Professional Engineer - Mechanical Engineering
Certified Industrial Hygienist - ABIH
B.S. (1976) and M.S. (1985) in Mechanical Engineering
Staff Scientist: IAQ Program, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Member of USBGC LEED EQ Technical Advisory Group
Co-Chair ISIAQ HVAC Hygiene Task Force
Member of ASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ
Member of the Cal-OSHA IAQ Advisory Committee
Published 26 Peer-Reviewed Studies on Building Air Quality
IAQ Diagnostics/Mitigation in over 2000 Buildings
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

3. Understanding IAQ Biophysical Model
Stimuli Generation
Rate
The framework behind an investigative plan is the
Biophysical Model
• area
• emission rate
Indoor Concentration of
Stimuli
Occupant Exposure To
Stimuli
Occupant Sensitivity To
Stimuli
Occupant Reaction To
Stimuli
• ventilation
• air filtration
• surface deposition
• reaction
• time exposed
• breathing rate
• protection
• expectation
• predisposition
• thermal
• skin
• eyes/nose
•respiratory
•CNS
Stimuli
Removal
Rate
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

4. Indoor Air Concentrations of Stimuli
Understanding IAQ
Indoor
Outdoor
Underground
Sources of Stimuli
Indoor Air Concentrations of Stimuli
Removal of Stimuli
Ventilation
Air Cleaning
Reactivity
Surface Deposition
Occupant Respiration
09/19/2008
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5. USGBC LEED
09/19/2008
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6. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Credit Categories • Sustainable Sites
• Water Efficiency
• Energy & Atmosphere
• Materials & Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Innovation & Design Process
09/19/2008
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7. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites
09/19/2008
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8. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites
P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance
09/19/2008
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9. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites
P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance
P2 - Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
09/19/2008
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10. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits 09/19/2008
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11. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
09/19/2008
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12. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

13. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

14. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points)
C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

15. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points)
C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points)
C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

16. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points)
C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points)
C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points)
C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

17. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points)
C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points)
C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points)
C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points)
C7 - Thermal Comfort (2 points)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

18. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points)
C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points)
C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points)
C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points)
C7 - Thermal Comfort (2 points)
C8 - Daylight and Views (2 points)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

19. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
C1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point)
C2 - Increased Ventilation (1 point)
C3 - Construction IAQ Management (2 points)
C4 - Low Emitting Material (4 points)
C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1 points)
C6 - Controllability of Systems (2 points)
C7 - Thermal Comfort (2 points)
C8 - Daylight and Views (2 points)
Innovation & Design Process (1-5 points)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

20. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance 09/19/2008
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21. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance
• Meet the minimum requirements of ASHRAE Sections 4-7 requirements.
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

22. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 P1 - Minimum IAQ Performance
• Meet the minimum requirements of ASHRAE Sections 4-7 requirements.
• Mechanical ventilation systems shall be designed according to the Ventilation Rate Procedure NOT the IAQ Procedure.
09/19/2008
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23. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements.
09/19/2008
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24. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements.
Section 4 - Outdoor Air Quality
Requires outdoor air pollution assessment and documentation but NO mitigation (i.e. air cleaning)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

25. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements.
Section 4 - Outdoor Air Quality
Requires outdoor air pollution assessment and documentation but NO mitigation (i.e. air cleaning)
Section 5 - Systems and Equipment
Section 5.9, Particulate Matter Removal requires a minimum of MERV 6 filters upstream of cooling coils
Section , Air Cleaning, allows air cleaning based upon subjective criteria “with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction”
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

26. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements.
Section 6 - Procedures
Section Ventilation Rate Procedure - a prescriptive based approach with no air filtration requirements or credits
Section IAQ Procedure - a performance based approach that allows credit for air cleaning devices
Requires:
- identification of “contaminants of concern”
established exposure criteria by “cognizant authorities” for each “contaminants of concern”
- validation by air contaminant monitoring and subjective occupant evaluations (e.g. build it and then see if it is OK)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

27. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Sections 4-7 LEED requirements.
Section 7 - Construction and Start-Up
Section Protection of Occupied Spaces requires measures to be put in place to reduce migration of construction generated contaminants to occupied area (e.g. isolation, air pressure controls, air filtration).
09/19/2008
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28. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C3 - Construction IAQ Management 09/19/2008
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29. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C3 - Construction IAQ Management
C3.1 Construction IAQ Management - DURING Construction
• Install MERV 8 air filters at each return air grille
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

30. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C3 - Construction IAQ Management
C3.2 Construction IAQ Management - BEFORE Occupancy
• Flush-out building with outdoor air OR
• Conduct air quality air testing prior to occupancy.
Formaldehyde < 50 ppb
PM10 Particulate Matter < 50 µg/m3
Total VOC’s < 500 µg/m3
4-PCH < 6.5 µg/m3
Carbon monoxide < 9 ppm and no more than 2 ppm above outdoors
No air filtration requirements for this credit (but a good idea)
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

31. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control
09/19/2008
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32. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 C5 - Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control
• Provide “regularly occupied areas” with MERV 13 air filters prior to occupancy.
09/19/2008
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33. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process 09/19/2008
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34. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process
• Awarded for deign approaches that “substantially exceed a LEED performance credit”.
09/19/2008
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35. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process
• Awarded for deign approaches that “substantially exceed a LEED performance credit.
No air filtration/cleaning strategies approved to date.
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

36. USGBC LEED-NC v2.2 Innovation & Design Process
• Awarded for deign approaches that “substantially exceed a LEED performance credit.
No air filtration/cleaning strategies approved to date.
Electrostatic and UV air purification approaches submitted to date have not been accepted.
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

37. FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS
09/19/2008
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38. FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS
Ozone filtration. Ozone initiated indoor air chemistry creates formaldehyde and other potent irritants. Air filters needed to remove ozone for outdoor ventilation air.
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

39. FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS
Ozone filtration. Ozone initiated indoor air chemistry creates formaldehyde and other potent irritants. Air filters needed to remove ozone for outdoor ventilation air.
Ozone emissions from air cleaners. New California regulations limit ozone emissions and require emissions testing.
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

40. FUTURE AIR FILTRATION HOT TOPICS
Ozone filtration. Ozone initiated indoor air chemistry creates formaldehyde and other potent irritants. Air filters needed to remove ozone for outdoor ventilation air.
Ozone emissions from air cleaners. New California regulations limit ozone emissions and require emissions testing.
Control of ultra-fine particle emissions from copiers and printers, nm particles of condensed cyclic siloxanes used to improve the flow of toners.
09/19/2008
IEE Copyright, 2008

41. Update on USGBC LEED and Air Filtration NAFA 2008 Annual Convention San Francisco, CA September 19, 2008
by Francis (Bud) J. Offermann PE CIH
Indoor Environmental Engineering
San Francisco, CA
(415)