1. MULTIPLE EMULSION & SUBMICRON EMULSION
Jony Mallik
M.Pharm

2. CONTENT Definitio of Emulsion. What is multiple emulsion?
What is emulsifing agent?
Mechanism of drug release.
Equipments used in emulsion preparation.
Application
What is Microemulsion?
Characteristics of microemulsion.
Advantage , Disadvantage & Application of microemulsion.

4. EMULSION
DEFINATION:”emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable mixture of two immiscible liquids.”
TYPES:
Micro(transperent)
O/W
W/0
O/W/O
W/O/W
=water phase =oil phase

5. Multiple emulsion are complex system which consist of both w/o and o/w at the same time.
There are potential matrices for the encapsulation of biactive compounds and for the controlled release compounds
w/o/w multiple emulsion are system where small water droplets are entrapped within larger oil droplets and they are disperse continous water phase
Because of presense of reseroir phase that can be use to prolong release of active ingredients.

6. Multiple emulsion w/o/w contain two emulsifiers:
1 Low HLB surfactant (Hydrophobic in nature)
2 High HLB surfactant (Hydrophilic in nature)
Low HLB surfactant use in disperse phase
High HLB surfactant use in continous phase.

7. MULTIPLE EMULSION HYDROPHILIC SURFACTANT HYDROPHOBIC SURFACTANT
W/O/W SYSTEM
O/W/O SYSTEM
=water phase =oil phase

9. surfactants Anionic Non ionic cationic Sodium oleate span 80
Pottasium oleate
Glyceryl monostearate
Non ionic
span 80
span20
Tween 20
Tween 60
Tween 80
cationic
Benzalkonium chloride

13. Mechanism of release of drug:
Two type inter phase in w/o/w multiple emulsion
1 Primary interface lying between the inner w/o phase contains the low HLB surfactant.
2 Secondary interface lying between droplets and continuous aqueous phase. Low and high HLB surfactant present in it. When hydrophilic surfactant in the continuous aqueous phase exceed its critical micelle concentration the resultant micelles may solubilize the hydrophobic surfactant present in oil phase.
Resulting in a decrease in the hydrophobic surfactant concentration and rupture the oil layer and lose of internal aqueous phase.

14. METHOD OF PREPARATION Solvent evaporation method
Two step emulsification.
Phase inversion technique.

15. SOLVENT EVAPORATION
TECHNIQUE

19. MECHANICAL STIRRES Impellers mounted on a shaft.
EQUIPMENTS
MECHANICAL STIRRES
Impellers mounted on a shaft.
Paddles or blade is used.
Degree of agitation is controlled by speed but liquid flow pattern is by type of impellers.
To electric motor
shaft
Impeller/blade
Mechanical stirrer

20. Use ultrasonic enegry for emulsification.
inlet
Vibrating blade
outlet
ULTRASONIFIERS
Use ultrasonic enegry for emulsification.
Nozzle jet
ultrasonifiers

21. Forcing liquid mixture through small orifice at very high pressure.
HOMOGENIZR
Forcing liquid mixture through small orifice at very high pressure.
(500 to 5000psi)
Yiled emulsion of very low particle size(1nm).
outlet
spring
Small orifice
inlet
homogenizer

22. APPLICATION
In theory, multiple emulsions have significant potential for breakthrough applications in food, agricultural, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries in which they can facilitate the sustained release and transport of active material.
In cosmetics, these systems can prevent degradation of an active ingredient and release it at a controlled rate.
They can also improve dissolutions or solubilization of insoluble materials.
Due to these properties, multiple emulsions find applications related to protecting sensitive and active molecules such as vitamins C and E from the external phase—a process called antioxidation.

24. Microemulsions
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, optically transparent, isotropic dispersions of aqueous and hydrocarbon liquids stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant molecules
Microemulsions are monodispersed spherical droplets (diameter < 100 nm) of water in oil or oil in water, depending on the nature of the surfactant.

27. Microemulsions and (Macro) emulsions are Different
Thermodynamically Stable
Kinetically Stable
Droplet size nm (transparent)
1-10 m (opaque)
High surface area: 200 m2/g
Low surface area: 15 m2/g
Ultra Low O/W IFT (10-2 – 10-3 mN/m)
O/W IFT 1-10 mN/m
W/O , O/W and Bicontinuous types
W/O or O/W types

35. MODERN EQUIPMENTS
Bitumen-emulsion system UVB-14
Inline homogenizer

36. Vacuume emulsifier

37. Vacuume emulsifier for
Eye ointment and creams.
Intake homogenizer

38. THANK YOU