1. Austin Chambers November 25, 2008
Schistosomiasis
Austin Chambers
November 25, 2008

2. Geographical Distribution

3. Geographical Distribution
Present in 74 countries
Over 200 million people have been affected

4. Geographical Distribution
S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East
Talk about the parasite itself
Break down slides
Remove some information

5. Geographical Distribution
S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East
S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East

6. Geographical Distribution
S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the Middle East
S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East
S. japonicum is found in East Asia

7. Epidemiology S. mansoni causes intestinal schistosomiasis
S. haematobium causes urinary schistosomiasis
S. japonicum causes Asian intestinal schistosomiasis

8. Epidemiology
Infections come from swimming in bodies of water inhabited by infected snails
Also known as snail fever

10. Clinical Features
Chronic schistosomiasis can have mild symptoms

11. Clinical Features Acute Schistosomiasis More serious symptoms
Also known as Katayama’s Fever

12. Clinical Features
Rare central nervous system lesions can occur

13. Clinical Features Spread of infection can harm vital organs
Can lead to death

14. Laboratory Diagnosis
Stool Exam
Used for S. mansoni and S. japonicum

15. Laboratory Diagnosis Urine Exam
Useful for S. japonicum and S. haematobium infections

16. Laboratory Diagnosis
Alternate methods of diagnosis

17. Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis
Rectal tissue biopsy

18. Laboratory Diagnosis Alternate methods of diagnosis
Rectal tissue biopsy
Antibody detection

19. Treatment
Drug Treatments

20. Treatment Drug Treatments
Single oral dose of praziquantel taken annually with castor oil

21. Treatment Drug Treatments
Antimony kills the parasite by bonding to an enzyme

22. Treatment
WHO treatment guidelines

23. Treatment WHO treatment guidelines
>50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment

24. Treatment WHO treatment guidelines
>50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment
20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children receive treatment

25. Treatment WHO treatment guidelines
>50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment
20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children receive treatment
<20% of children infected, no mass treatment

26. Treatment
Researchers are searching for a vaccine that would interrupt the life cycle

27. Prevention and Hygiene
Avoiding Snails

28. Prevention and Hygiene
Avoiding Snails
Acrolein, copper sulfate, and niclosamide can kill snail populations

29. Prevention and Hygiene
Through design

30. Prevention and Hygiene
Through design
Modern dams have eliminated the chance for snails to inhabit the water source

31. Sources