1. Nutrition Autotroph Obtaining and processing food to a usable form
Synthesizes organic compounds (food)
Algae….chlorophyll in cell membrane
Phototroph – Photosynthesis
Plants, Algae

2. Where does the energy come from that sustains all life?
Photosynthesis
Where does the energy come from that sustains all life?
The Sun!!

3. Importances of Photosynthesis
Autotrophic Nutrition
Process that converts inorganic compounds
to organic compounds
Converts light energy to chemical bond
energy
Importances of Photosynthesis
Venus flytrap…..nitrogen poor soil, need to trap insects
1) Produces organic compounds (food)
2) Produces most atmospheric oxygen

4. Chlorophyll Chloroplast Pigment that absorbs sunlight
Organelle in plants that contains chlorophyll
and is the site of photosynthesis

5. Chloroplasts Figure: 06-01 Title:
An overview of photosynthetic structures.
Caption:

6. Chlorophyll
Light Absorption
Best
Worst
Blue & Red
Green & Yellow

7. What you see are the UNUSED TRANSMITTED COLORS OF LIGHT
What you see are the UNUSED TRANSMITTED COLORS OF LIGHT. Absorbed colors will not be seen!!!!

8. Chromatography Process to separate pigments based on charge
These chlorophyll and colored pigments may be separated according to their various chemical charges by a technique known as chromatography.  In this technique, a mixture of plant pigments is separated by placing a drop or two of pigment on a special paper called chromatography paper which is dipped in a chemical allowing the different plant pigments to move based on their charges.

9. Why leaves are green?: interaction of light with chloroplasts

10. Photosynthesis What occurs during the overall reaction?
Carbon dioxide and water in the presence of
sunlight are converted to the organic compound
glucose and to oxygen.
sunlight
6CO2
Circle organic, underline inorganic/label +
6H2O
C6H12O6
6O2 +
sunlight
6CO2 +
12H2O
C6H12O6 +
6H2O +
6O2

11. Chloroplast Structure
Grana:
Stack of membranes disks (thylakoids)
Chlorophyll and enzymes embedded
Stroma:
Region around grana

12. Chloroplast Stroma Thylakoid Grana (stacks of thylakoids)
contain chlorophyll
Grana (stacks of thylakoids)

13. Photosynthesis: An Overview
Light O2
Sugars
CO2
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
NADP+
ADP + P
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH

14. Light Reaction Dark Reaction Photosynthesis Photochemical Rxn
Carbon Fixation Rxn
- Occurs in light
- Occurs 24 hours/day
- Grana
- Stroma

15. Light Reaction Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll
in the grana
2) Most energy is used for photolysis of water
2H2O  2H2 + O2
3) H2 released is transferred to Hydrogen
carriers
NADP+ + H+
NADPH
(use for NRG)
4) Some light energy produces ATP directly to be
used in the dark reactions

16. Dark Reaction H atoms from light reaction combine
with CO2 from atmosphere producing
G3P/PGAL (3 carbon sugar)
2) G3P/PGAL used to synthesize glucose and other
compounds

17. 2 H2O 2 H O2 Photolysis Light Cycle
Makes Oxygen to release to environment as waste O2
Sunlight
2 H2O
2 H
Makes hydrogen atoms that will be used in the DARK CYCLE (NADPH)
Photolysis

18. The Dark Cycle (Calvin Cycle)
CO2 From the air (animals) H
From light cycle
G3P/PGAL
then…. glucose (C6H12O6)

19. Leaf Adaptation 1) Large surface area: Maximum absorption of light
2) Cuticle:
Waxy covering on epidermis (top layer)
Protects against:
1) Excess water loss
2) Mechanical injury
3) Fungal growth

20. Cuticle

21. openings in cuticle and epidermis
3) Stomates:
openings in cuticle and epidermis
- allows exchange of CO2 and O2
- releases excess water
4) Guard Cells:
Surrounds stomates
- regulates size of stomates
5) Palisade Layer:
Stomates and guard cells…..regulation/homeostasis
Elongated cells below
epidermis
- contain most chloroplasts
- major site of photosynthesis in leaf

22. Epidermis
Palisade
Layer
Epidermis
Stomate
Guard Cell

23. Leaf Parts Aid Photosynthesis
Guard Cells
Stomates

24. Conducting Tissue Located in palisade layer, 6) Chloroplast:
spongy layer and guard cells.
6) Chloroplast:
Conducting Tissue
7) Veins:
Xylem: transports water and dissolved materials
Phloem: transports synthesized materials (glucose)
“food”

25. Conducting
Tissue
Sheath cells

26. Factors Affecting Rate of Photosynthesis
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Enzymes denature at certain temp….decrease rate