1. Bible Survey Lesson 7: Deuteronomy

2. Title, Author, and Date
Title Hebrew: “These are the Words” (Of Moses) LXX: “Deuteronomy” = “Second Law” Author: 5th century Deuteronomist Written: 1406 BC Events: 30 Days in 1406

3. Purpose
Moses reminded and warned the second generation of Israel on the eve of the conquest concerning the works and covenant of God so that they might be obedient and glorify Him in this new context under a new leader.

4. Outline The First Speech of Moses: Historical Perspective (1:1-4:43)
The Second Speech of Moses: Stipulations of the Covenant (4:44-28:68)
The Third Speech of Moses: The Making of Another Covenant (29:1-30:20)
The Song of Moses (31:1-32:47)
The Blessing of Moses (32:48-34:12)

5. The Monolithic Importance of Deuteronomy
Summary of Torah
Historical Summary (1-4)
Reiteration of the Law (5-26)
Reminder of the Curses (27-28)
Foreshadow of Old and New Testaments
Prince (17)
Prophet (18)
New Covenant (29)

6. The Monolithic Importance of Deuteronomy
NT Confirmation
Third most quoted book
Psalms – 68x
Isaiah – 55x
Deuteronomy – 44x
Jesus in the Wilderness
Romans quotes Deuteronomy 11x! Hebrews 7x

7. Problem: What is the Structure of Deuteronomy?
A Covenant Renewal Document
An Exhortation to Covenant Faithfulness within a Covenant Renewal Framework

8. Hittite Treaties Ancient Superpower
They issued treaties that governed the people in the absence of the Hittite king
Treaty was unilateral and imposed upon conquered people
The treaty read periodically and stored by the king’s and the people.
The Hittite and indigenous gods ensured fulfillment through blessings or curses.

9. Law Code: The Code of Hammurabi ca. 1750 BC Deuteronomy ca. 1406 BC
Treaty: Hittite Treaties ca BC
1:1-4
Preamble
Historical Prologue
1:5-3:29; *4:1-43
Laws
*4:44-49; 5:1-21 (Basic); *5:22-11:32;
12:1-26:15 (Detailed); *26:16-19
Stipulations
27:1-14
31:1-29
Treaty Reading
And Storage
Blessings and
Curses
27:15-28:68
*29:1-30:20
Note * indicates extra material not in ANE text
31:30-32:47
*32:48-34:12
Witnesses

10. Support for the Hittite Treaty Theory
Moses would have known of the Hittites
He was educated in Egypt
Egypt was the other dominant superpower
If Moses used this treaty form it does not compromise inspiration or authority.

11. Problems with the Hittite Treaty Theory
Hittite Treaties postdated Deuteronomy
Hittites: c 1400 – 1150 BC
Deuteronomy: 1406 BC
Deuteronomy has other sections not found in the Treaties
The Treaties were inaugurated once and were never renewed

12. Problem: What is the Structure of Deuteronomy?
A Covenant Renewal Document
An Exhortation to Covenant Faithfulness within a Covenant Renewal Framework
A Narrative Establishing a Pattern of Grace after Failure that Reaches to the Eschaton
A Record of the Speeches of Moses that Explain and Call for Obedience to the Mosaic Covenant

13. Moses’ Exhortation to Obedience and His Expectation of Disobedience
Speech #1
Speech #2
Speech #3
Song
Blessing
Narrative
1:1-4
4:44-49
29:1
31:1-29
32:48-52
Speech
1:5 - 4:40
5:1 - 28:68
29:2 - 30:20
31: :43
33:1-29
4:41-43
32:44-47
34:1-12

14. Theme: The God of Israel
“Yahweh your/our God” used 304 times in the book.
237 occurences in chapters alone!
Foundation for the Laws and Ordinances
Constant Reminder to Second Generation

15. Theme: The Choice of Yahweh
Choice of Israel (4:37; 7:6-8; 10:15; 14:2)
Choice of a place for his name to dwell (12:5-26; 14:23-25; 15:20; 16:2-16; 17:8, 10; 18:6; 26:2; 31:11)
Shiloh
Jerusalem
New Jerusalem
John 4:21-23

16. Theme: The Choice of Yahweh
Choice of the future King (17:15)
1 Samuel 8
Saul (1 Sam 9)
David (1 Sam 16)
Jesus (Matt 2:2; 27:29; Rev 19:16)
Choice of the Priests (18:5; 21:5)
Hebrews 5:5-10
Choice of the Prophet (18:15)
Hebrews 1:1

17. Theme: The Attributes of Yahweh
Yahweh is Unique and Jealous (4:24; 5:9; 6:4-9, 15; 13:2-10; 29:20; 32:16-21)
Yahweh is Faithful (1:38-39; 2:7; 3:1-3; 7:9, 12; 31:6, 8; 32:4)
Yahweh is Loving (1:31; 4:37; 7:7-8, 13; 13:18; 23:5; 30:5; 33:12)

18. Theme: The Attributes of Yahweh
Yahweh is Gracious (1:8, 10, 11, 20-21, 25, 35; 2:7; 3:18, ; 4:31; 6:10; 7:8, 13-16; 8:10, 18; 9:5, 27-28; 10:15, 22; 11:9, 14-17, 21; 12:1, 21; 14:24, 29; 28:9; 29:13)
Gift of the land.
Gift of whole cities
Gift of good weather
Gift of many children.

19. Theme: The Attributes of Yahweh
Yahweh is Just/Judge (1:37; 3:26; 4:21, 25; 6:15; 7:4; 9:18-20, 22; 11:17; 13:17; 29:20, 23, 25, 27-28; 31:29; 32:21-22)
He Judged Moses
He Judged Israel
He Judged the Nations

20. Theme: The Requirement of Yahweh
Fear Yahweh
Walk in Yahweh’s ways
Love Yahweh
Serve Yahweh
Keep Yahweh’s commands
Hear and obey Yahweh

21. Theme: The Heart
1:28; 2:30; 4:9, 29, 39; 5:29; 6:5, 6; 7:17; 8:2, 5, 14, 17; 9:4, 5; 10:12, 16; 11:13, 16, 18; 13:3; 15:7, 9, 10; 17:17, 20; 18:21; 19:6; 20:3, 8; 26:16; 28:28, 47, 65, 67; 29:1-19; 30:1-17; 32:46
The Command Center of the Person
Naturally Stubborn (2:30)
Naturally Fearful (7:17)
Motivation for obedience or disobedience
Need for Circumcision of the Heart

22. Problem: What is the Covenant in 29:1-30:20?
The Palestinian Covenant
The Sinaitic Covenant
The Sinaitic and the New Covenants
The New Covenant

23. Theme: Transition of Power
Moses Dies (1:37; 3:23-27; 31:2, 14, 16, 27, 29; 32:48-52; 34:1-8)
Moses constantly reminds them of his death
Moses constantly prepares for a new leader
Joshua son of Nun takes leadership (1:38; 3:28; 31:3, 7-8, 14, 23; 32:44)
Joshua presented to the people
Joshua charged to be strong and courageous (6x)!