1. An Inevitable solution for Pakistan
Multi-Grade
Teaching

2. Pakistan socio-economic indicators
Area 796,095 sq km Population millions Population (0-14 years) million Population growth rate 2% (between ) Pak. Economic survey Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) 67.5 GDP growth rate (constant fc) 3.6 % Per capita income (mp-US$: 1368 Adult Literacy Rate: 60 % HDI 146 out of 187 countries (HDR 2013) HDI annual growth rate: 1.74 Employment to population ratio: 55.4% (HDR 2013) Expenditure on Education as %of GNP 2.0 Expenditure on Health as %of GDP 0.4
Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2013 , HDR 2013

3. Enrollments Education Statistics Sr. # Indicators Rate/ Ratio
MDGs Target
Boys
Girls
Total 1
Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) (primary: class1-5 & Age 5-9) 98 83 91 2
Net Enrollment Rate (NER) (primary) 61 54 57
100 3
GER (Middle: class 6-8 & Age 10-12) 50 56 4
NER(Middle) 23 21 22 5
GER (Secondary: class 9-10 & Age 13-14) 67 49 59 6
NER(Secondary ) 13 7
Literacy Rate 71 48 60 86 8
Gender Parity Index (GPI) for primary education
0.89 9
Gender Parity Index (GPI) for secondary education
0.94 10
Youth Literacy (GPI)
0.82
Education Statistics
Source: Pakistan Economic Survey

4. Total Number of schools
Primary Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Schools M F
Total
85,220
48,129
133,349
8,035
7,827
15,862
6,766
4,158
10,924
Education Statistics
Number of Teachers
Primary Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Schools M F
Total 1
29,794
12,401
42,195
351
407
758 10 11 21 2
23,601
17,366
40,967
322
439
761 13 33 46 3
12,748
6,027
18,775
372
513
885 24 38 62
66,143
35,794
101,937
1045
1359
2404 47 82
129
Source: Pakistan Economic Survey

5. Public Schools with 1, 2 & 3 Teachers out of Total Schools
Analysis
Source: Pakistan Economic Survey

6. Education system in Pakistan
The education system in Pakistan comprises a mixed blend of public and private schools of multiple types and shades. Like:
Formal Education
Public schools
Private schools

7. Education system in Pakistan
Non-Formal Basic Education
Deeni Madaris
Non- formal Education

8. Education Services providers
Article 25-A
“ The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manners as may be determined by law”.
In accordance to this article Federal Government as well as Provincial governments are responsible for ensuring Education to all the children up to secondary level.
Private sector and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are also working with government departments for achieve EFA goals.
Responsibility (Education)

9. Hierarchy at federal and provincial level
Education Services
Federal Government
Ministry of Education, Trainings & Standards of Higher Education
Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM) Islamabad
Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE) Islamabad
Higher Education Commission (HEC)
National Commission for Human Development (NCHD)
National Education Assessment System (NEAS) Islamabad
National Education Foundation (NEF)
Provincial Government
Department of Education
District Education Department

10. Multi grade teaching approaches and practices
76 % of primary schools and 15 % of middle schools are in a multi grade teaching situation, majority of these schools are in rural areas.
The higher prevalence in rural areas is due to scarce resources, both human and financial.
In most of the multi grade classrooms in Pakistan, children of varying ages sit together in one classroom and are simultaneously taught the same subject material from one textbook, irrespective of the different learning capacities of children of each age group
With a little concentrated efforts this perception can be reversed for countries like Pakistan
Multi grade teaching is perceived as a secondary, less- valued alternative, which can be replaced with its mono grade counterpart if more resources are readily available.
Approaches & Practices

11. Multi grade teaching approaches and practices
In provinces Provincial institutes of teacher education and Department of Staff Development imparting trainings on Multigrade teaching to teachers.
Basic Education Community Schools (BECS) have more than primary schools and providing multigrade schooling.
National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) has 6581 Feeder Schools providing Multigrade schooling facilities.
Different NGOs in Pakistan Like ABES, Agha Khan Foundation are also imparting multigrade teaching in their schools.
Approaches & Practices

12. Challenges in Multigrade Teaching in Pakistan
In Pakistan we have situations like, Multigrade, Multiage and Multilevel but system to address these gray areas are lacking at the Policy, Planning and Execution level.
Conceptual clarity regarding Multigrade is also lacking at the level of decision making.
Strong system of Capacity Building, Learning materials are not addressing the requirements of MGT.
Multigrade teaching system is not embeded in National Curriculum and text books

13. Multi grade teaching as an alternate solution
Multi grade teaching should be seen as a viable and economically feasible teaching style, rather than dismissed as an inconvenient reality due to the demographic and economic contexts of the country.
In remote areas where the population density is too low to warrant multiple schools or grade-wise specific teachers, multi grade schools offer an opportunity for all children in the vicinity, rather than children up to a cutoff age limit, to attend school.
works with the given limitations of finances, resources and manpower
Economizes on scarce resources
Allowing children of varying age groups to learn from one another
Stimulates social interaction
A solution

14. policy actions suggested by National education policy 2009
IMPROVING TEACHER QUALITY
In-service training shall cover a wide range of areas: pedagogy and pedagogical content knowledge; subject content knowledge; testing and assessment practices; multi-grade teaching, monitoring and evaluation; and programs to cater to emerging needs like trainings in languages and ICT.
QUALITY IN TEXTBOOKS AND LEARNING MATERIALS
Special textbooks shall be prepared to cater to multi- grade environments. Alternately supplementary reading material that helps self learning must be developed for such environments
ATTAINING STANDARDS IN THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
The teachers will expose to training to in-service teachers on multi-grade methodologies till removal of teachers’ shortage in the system.
Policy

15. policy actions suggested by National education policy 2009
CURRICULUM REFORM
The curriculum also does not cater to the diverse conditions in the education sector itself (e.g. multi-grade classes), as well as, the variations within the geographical breadth of the country. Pakistan is blessed with a multitude of cultures and topographies, these fail to be adequately recognized and assimilated by the education system. In basic primary education the most important missing element is the diffused focus on the local context. However efforts have been made to overcome the deficiencies in curriculum development and its translation into meaningful knowledge
Policy

16. Expected Outcomes of the Study
Understanding of Multigrade Teaching at the Policy and Planning level.
Inclusion of Multigrade Teaching Strategies into National Policy and Planning.
Focus on Multigrade teaching in the pre- service and in-service teacher trainings.
Material development especially training modules/ manuals and learning materials towards MGT.
Special consideration for inclusion of MGT concepts in Curriculum and text books.

17. Thank You