1. Columbian Exchange Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Middle Passage

2. Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange; refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage

3. Columbian Exchange Five major exchanges between the two hemispheres
Plants
Animals
People
Culture
Disease

4. Plants From Eastern Hemisphere to the Americas Coffee Citrus fruits
Olives
Onions
Grapes
Sugar

5. Plants From the Western Hemisphere to Europe/Africa Tobacco
Potatoes and sweet potatoes
Beans
Corn
Tomatoes
Vanilla
Peanuts

6. Animals From the Eastern Hemisphere to the Americas Cattle Pigs Horse
Sheep
Goats
Dogs
Cats
Bees

7. Animals From the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Africa Llamas
Alpacas
Guinea Pig
Turkey
Bison

9. Disease
Diseases were widely responsible for the deaths of Native Americans
More Native Americans died from disease than any other reason
Natives had never been exposed to diseases from Europe and Africa
Diseases that would not necessarily kill Europeans/Africans were very deadly to Natives

10. Disease Diseases from Europe and Africa to the Americas Smallpox
Tuberculosis
Measles
Malaria
Whooping Cough
Influenza
Typhoid Fever

12. Impact of Diseases
Hundreds of thousands of Natives were killed by disease
90% of Natives that were killed after the Columbian Exchange died from disease
Drastically decreased the population of Native Americans in North and South America
The deaths of so many Native led Europeans to search for a new source of labor

13. People Europeans decided to use Africans as slaves
Removed or traded for millions of Africans between 1500 and 1800
Used as labor
Sugar Plantations
Cotton Plantations
Tobacco Plantations

14. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans decided to use Africans as a source of labor
High population
Already exposed to European diseases so less likely to die
African slaves usually captured by rival tribes and traded to Europeans for goods or gold
Transported to the America’s in the “Middle Passage”

15. Europeans decided to use Africans to replace a dying American
Indian population.

16. Europeans
removed
millions of
Africans
between
the 1500s
and the
1800s.

18. Enslaved Africans were usually captured
by warring ethnic groups or tribes and
traded to European and
American slave traders.

19. Slaves were traded in exchange for
guns and other goods.

20. The “Middle Passage” was the
slave’s voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

21. Middle Passage
Middle passage refers to the transportation of African slaves across the Atlantic in very tightly packed ships
Unsanitary conditions
Over population in the hull of the ships
10-15% of slaves died during the Middle Passage
Roughly 2 million people

24. Culture Technologies Religion Language Written alphabet
Farming equipment
Weapons
Architecture and building
Religion
Language

25. Religion
Spain and Portugal introduced Roman Catholicism to Mexico, Central America, and South America
Today the largest population of Roman Catholics is in Brazil
England introduced Protestant Christianity to the United States and Canada
Spanish and Christian missionaries developed to spread the idea of Christianity

26. Language
Spanish is spoken today in Mexico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay
English is spoken today in the United States, Canada, Jamaica, Bahamas and other Caribbean islands
Portuguese is spoken today in Brazil