1. Development Subway
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2. Rapid transit is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. Unlike buses and trams, rapid transit systems operate on an exclusive right-of-way which is usually grade separated in tunnels or elevated railways.
Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on rail tracks, although some systems use guided rubber tyres, magnetic levitation, or monorail. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to avoid gaps

3. The first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened in 1863, and now forms part of the London Underground. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, initially a cable-hauled line utilising static steam engines.
The world's largest rapid transit system by both length of routes and number of stations is the New York City Subway; the largest are the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, Beijing Subway, Shanghai Metro and London Underground. The busiest metro systems in the world by daily and annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, and the Moscow Metro.
The metro in Moscow is one of the busiest in the world.

4. The New York City Subway is the world's largest rapid transit system by length of routes and by number of stations.

5. The opening in 1863 of the steam hauled London's Metropolitan Railway marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam and the natural choice for trains running in tunnels and proved superior for elevated services. In 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were eventually merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to be electric traction from the outset.
History

6. Initial construction stages of London's Metropolitan Railway at King's Cross St. Pancras in 1861

7. Rapid transit is used in cities, agglomerations, and metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high frequency. The extent of the rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies.
Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as buses, trams, or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops. In Toronto, over 50% of its rapid transit stations have bus and streetcar terminals within the fare-paid zone, providing a connection without requiring proof of payment.
Operation

8. Network topologies Circle system (e.g., Glasgow)
Air-bladder system (e.g., Lille, Rotterdam, Cairo, Nuremberg, Milan, Tyne and Wear)
Circle-radial system (e.g., London, Moscow, Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, Shanghai, Madrid)
Network topologies

9. Cross system (e.g., Minsk, Rome, Bangalore, Philadelphia, Kyoto, Sapporo, Esfahan, Atlanta)
Diameter line (e.g., Helsinki, Lima, Warsaw, Yekaterinburg, Algiers, Sendai)
Complex grid system (e.g., Delhi, Paris, New York, Berlin, Osaka)

10. X system (e.g., San Francisco, Brussels, Rio de Janeiro, Porto, Amsterdam, Stockholm, Oslo, Taipei)
Secant system (e.g., Tashkent, Kiev, Hyderabad, Kharkov, Prague, São Paulo, Munich, Kuala Lumpur, Tehran, Budapest)

11. Safety and security
Compared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good safety record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict safety regulations, with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. Head-on collisions are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce the occurrence and severity of rear-end collisions and derailments. Fire is more of a danger underground, such as the King's Cross fire in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system. The high platforms (usually over 1 meter/over 3 feet) is a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back.

12. Most rapid transit trains are electric multiple units with lengths from three to over ten cars Power is commonly delivered by a third rail or by overhead wires. The whole London Underground network uses fourth rail and others use the linear motor for propulsion. Most run on conventional steel railway tracks, although some use rubber tires, such as the Montreal Metro and Mexico City Metro and some lines in the Paris Métro. Rubber tires allow steeper gradients and a softer ride, but have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro but not rubber-tired systems in other cities. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations.
Infrastructure

13. 5-Line of Metro de Santiago (Chile) combines rubber tire traction with elevated right-of-way

14. The Soviet Union filled its stations with ornate architectural and decorative detail (Saint Petersburg Metro, Russia)

15. Stockholm metro Blue line platform in T-Centralen.

16. sources