1. Texture Compositional Forms Rhythm Tonality
Music Chapter 4
Formal Elements
Texture
Compositional Forms
Rhythm
Tonality

2. Texture refers to the way composers use melodic lines in their compositions. (page 122)
Monophony- a single melody without accompaniment. Polyphony- more than one melody of relatively equal interest. Homophony- a single melody is supports with chords.

3. Monophony Examples Gregorian Chant Traditional Indian Raga
Medieval Music Manuscripts
Traditional Indian Raga
Raga- a traditional Hindustani form, made up of a limited number of notes in a particular melody.
Traditional Islamic Music from Spain, North Africa
Maquam- traditional Islamic form, similar to a raga.
Nova Math and Music Esperanza Spalding about 13 minute in
Christian and Muslim playing ouds Catinas de Santa Maria 13th century

4. Terms: fugue, round, imitiation Lady Gaga Fugue Bach Harpzichord
Polyphony Examples
What is a Fugue?
Basic Polyphony Bach's "Invention"
Terms: fugue, round, imitiation
Lady Gaga Fugue
Bach Harpzichord
Abanian Folk Polyphony
Medieval motet Machaut Quant en moi

5. Palestrina Renaissance mass Mozart sonata form, classical
Homophony Examples
Most Pop songs in the west are homophonic, with the single melody line supported by other notes forming chords. Homophonic Texture
Homophony began to replace polyphony in Europe during the 15th century.
Palestrina Renaissance mass
Mozart sonata form, classical
diagramming the Sonata Form in Eine Kleine Nactumusik
Sweet Honey in the Rock
5 part harmony

6. Compositional Forms (see pages 113-15)
“Classical” Forms Mass Fugue Sonata Concerto Symphony
Jazz Forms Blues Ragtime New Orleans (early Jazz) Swing Be-bop/hard jazz Free Jazz

7. Vivaldi’s “Winter Concerto,” Baroque Gidon Kremer
Concerto: an extended composition for a solo instrument and orchestra. Usually in 3 parts- fast, slow, fast.
The concerto form was developed during the 1600’s in Europe. This corresponds to the Baroque period.
It was popular among Classical and Romantic composer and is still used in contemporary symphonic music.
Vivaldi’s “Winter Concerto,” Baroque Gidon Kremer
Beethoven Concerto for Violin, Cello, Piano, Romantic
Barenboim, Ma, Perlman

8. Symphony
an extended composition written for orchestra, usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements (often 4) with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are scored for string (violin, viola, cello and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussive instruments. Symphony orchestras can be small or large, 30–100 musicians. In the 18th century they grew to great size.

10. Symphony
Romantic composers also developed a more personal style Increased expressive effect Abandoned classical precision and loosened form Unexpected shifts in meter and tempo BBC Eroica Dramatization Eroica Michael Tilson Thomas Beethoven ( ) studied with Hayden in the classical school, moved toward full romantic – he is a bridge between the too. Eroica Documentary with Michael Tilson Thomas

11. Ragtime- Scott Joplin (1868-1917) developed from Military March
ragging the beat or syncopation-
notes fall between the beats
Influenced by the traditional Cake walk dances
Forerunner of Jazz
Highly structured
Left hand plays steady beat- alternating bass note and chord- stride piano
Right hand plays melody in syncopated rhythm
Maple Leaf Rag Piano roll
Bio
Scott Joplin ( )

12. Blues Jelly Roll Morton, 1885-1941
Origins in labor chants Bio
Began to be accompanied by
Banjo, guitar, piano
Many varieties-
Memphis, Delta, Chicago
All have in common
Simplicity of structure
Dominant chord structure
Blue notes – minor sound
12 bar blues tutorial
Jelly Roll Morton The Crave
Jelly Roll Blues
1980s commercialLomax recording
Oscar Peterson Blues
Peterson in Berlin/Salute to Bach
Jelly Roll Morton,
First jazz musician to compose – to write down the music

13. More Blues- Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith Ain't Nobody's Business
Bio

14. New Orleans Jazz Louis Armstrong
Considered by many to be the father of jazz
Developed improvisatory solo as a feature of the jazz style
“Rhythmic displacement”
Armstrong would stagger the placement of an entire phrase, as though he were playing behind the beat.
More relaxed than Ragtime
Louis Armstrong West End Blues
Louis Armstrong

15. Big Band/Swing Duke Ellington 1899-1974
Most prolific and significant composer in Jazz history
Took jazz into the format of extended works
Utilized the particular sounds of individual players
Composed across sections
1930 mood indigo
Selena and the Blake Jazz Ensemble Caravan 1936
caravan ellington

16. Hard Bop
Mingus Parker and Davis Night in Tunisia Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers Tunisia Coltrane Equinox

17. Synthpop
Documentary BBC minutes

18. warning- cursing in this video
Detroit Techno
warning- cursing in this video
Detroit Techno
Detroit Photographs
More Detroit Photographs- 1967
Marbles Plastikman
Juan Atkins
Carl Craig