1. Grammar Notes
A verbal is a form of a verb that acts like a noun or adjective
A participle is a verbal that acts like an adjective
Examples:
The yelling student got in trouble.
The stalled car blocked traffic.

2. Grammar Notes Vocabulary words: Contrived Tableaux Nebulous Disarming
Urbane
Strident
Specious
Plausible
Inexorably

3. Grammar Notes A participle is a verbal that acts like an adjective
A participial phrase is the participle plus modifiers and complements (phrases)
Examples:
Yelling at the teacher, he got in trouble.
Angered by the test, she quit coming to school.

4. Grammar Notes
An absolute phrase is a participle describing a noun/pronoun that doesn’t connect to another word in the sentence
Ex:
The teacher having arrived late, the students rearranged the desks.
The cafeteria serving eggplant, I ate my own lunch.

5. Literature Notes 1984 Life of George Orwell:
Eric Blair adopted the pen name George Orwell to show his love of English tradition and the English countryside
George – the patron saint of England
Orwell – a river in Suffolk (one of Orwell’s favorite places)

6. Literature Notes 1984
After finishing his studies, he joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma
He resigned and returned to England in because he had grown to hate imperialism
He lived for several years in poverty, sometimes homeless
Fought and was wounded in Spanish Civil War
Died at age 46 from tuberculosis

7. Literature Notes 1984
Orwell disliked communism and socialism because he feared that they would result in totalitarianism
1984 is Orwell’s prediction of what could happen if the ideas of socialism spread and continued to develop
Socialism did not spread as Orwell feared; however, many of Orwell’s predictions have come true, especially in the United States

8. Literature Notes 1984
In 1946 when George Orwell began to imagine a future world, he had just witnessed the defeat of two dictators – Adolf Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy
He had also witnessed the success of two other dictators – Francisco Franco in Spain and Josef Stalin in the former Soviet Union
Totalitarianism- State regulation of almost every aspect of public and private behavior
In socialism, property and the distribution of wealth are controlled by the community – either directly or through government control on behalf of the people

9. Literature Notes 1984 Setting of the novel:
1984 of London in an alternate Britain, now called “Airstrip One” in the super- state Oceania, which is controlled by Big Brother and the Party
The official language is “Newspeak” (Oldspeak is our version of English)
The party rules through Ministries

10. Literature Notes 1984 Characters:
Winston Smith- the protagonist, a member of the Party who works at the Ministry of Truth
Looks: 39, worn out and thin (page 2)
Actions: Dislikes Big Brother
Speech: revealed in his diary (p. 8 and 9)
Thoughts: fear
Effect on others: has something in common with O’Brien and the dark-haired girl

11. Literature Notes 1984 Characters:
O’Brien- a member of the Inner Party who works at the Ministry of Truth
Emmanuel Goldstein- leader of the anti-Big Brother group called the Brotherhood, modeled after Leon Trotsky
Big Brother- the ruler of Oceania

12. Writing Notes Classwork
Orwell uses all the senses to really make the reader imagine what it is like to live in this society. Find three images from what we read today and write them down in your notes! Show them to me before you leave!

13. Literature Notes 1984 Literary Devices in 1984:
Irony – a contrast between appearance and reality
In 1984, reality is often the opposite of what the party says it is
Big Brother is a tyrant
Ministry of Truth produces lies
Ministry of Peace is in charge of war
Ministry of Love punishes people
Ministry of Plenty rations food

14. Literature Notes 1984 Literary Devices in 1984:
Setting (time and place) and Mood (effect on the reader’s emotions)
1984 gives us full detailed descriptions of place
Orwell uses all the senses to really make the reader imagine what it is like to live in this society
smells of houses – cabbage and bad lavatories
Taste of Victory Gin and thin, sour stew
Vision of Mrs. Parsons with “dust in the creases of her face”
Sounds of the telescreen

15. Literature Notes 1984 Literary Devices in 1984:
Symbolism (a symbol is a person, place or thing that has a concrete meaning itself and also stands for something beyond itself)
Symbols in 1984 so far:
Winston’s Diary
Victory Gin
Newspeak

16. Literature Notes 1984 Character Groups in 1984:
Oceania is a huge country ruled by The Party, which is led by a figure called “Big Brother”
The Inner Party (1% of pop.) control the country
The Outer Party (18% of pop.) are controlled by the Inner Party
The Proles (81% of pop.) are the labor power who live in poverty
The Brotherhood is an underground rebellion organization lead by Emmanuel Goldstein

17. Literature Notes 1984
Nations in 1984:

18. Literature Notes 1984
Ministries in the novel:
Ministry of Truth (Minitrue) – concerns itself with news, entertainment, education, and fine arts- recreating the past/falsifying records.
Ministry of Peace (Minipax) – concerns itself with war – always at war with either Eurasia or Eastasia.
Ministry of Plenty (Miniplenty) – responsible for economic affairs – distribution of food, rationing, etc..
Ministry of Love (Miniluv) – maintained law and order through torture, brainwashing and manipulation.

19. Literature Notes 1984 Examples of Irony in the novel:
Slogans of the Party:
"War is Peace“
"Freedom is Slavery“
"Ignorance is Strength"
Doublethink- the manipulation of the mind by making people able to accept contradictions

20. Literature Notes 1984 Examples of Irony in the novel:
“The Ministry of Truth” (where Winston works) changes history, facts, and memories to promote Doublethink
Winston’s belief he has committed “Thoughtcrime” (page 19)

21. Writing Notes Classwork
Let’s watch the Apple 1984 commercial: SnW-ygU5g - What do you think about this commercial’s ending line?