1. Kyoto Protocol

2. Kyoto Protocol
An agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
The countries that ratify this protocol want to reduce the emissions of CO2, and other greenhouse gases that cause climate change

3. When and where was it established?
The protocol was agreed upon on December 11th, 1997
It came into effect on February 16th, 2005
Renewal of the protocol is in 2012

5. Who is involved in it?
As of November 2007, 174 parties have ratified this protocol
The U.S. did not ratified the protocol.

7. Who are the Parties? The parties are broken up into two groups:
Annex I countries
Non-annex I countries
Annex I countries have accepted the responsibilities to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Non-annex I countries do not need to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, but they participate in the Clean Development Mechanism.

8. What exactly does this protocol do?
Annex I countries are required to lower greenhouse gas emissions by 5% below 1990 levels.
EU member states are required to lower greenhouse gas emissions, by 8%.
The levels of greenhouse gas emission must be lowered during the years of
November 2012 Renewal Meeting in Doha, Qatar.

10. Kyoto Protocol Website
Emissions Map
United Nations Framework Commission on Climate Change

11. What if countries do NOT lower emissions?
There is a penalty for not lowering levels of gas emission. Countries involved AGREED to lower their levels.
If countries fail to lower their greenhouse gas emission rates, they have to give up 1.3 emission allowances in a second commitment period for every ton of greenhouse gas emissions they exceed over their 1990 levels.

12. COP (Conference of Parties)
1992 Rio Earth Summit
Stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of GHGs – greenhouse gases
Avoid ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”
1994 UNFCCCC – UN Framework Commission on Climate Change
COP – annual meeting to review implementation/status

13. COP 1995 COP1 – Berlin 1997 COP3 – Kyoto Protocol
1st one
1997 COP3 – Kyoto Protocol
2005 COP11 – Montreal Action Plan
Extended Kyoto beyond 2012
Greater cuts in emissions necessary

14. COP 2009 COP15 – Copenhagen 2011 COP17 – Durban, South Africa
No agreement reached on Kyoto Protocol
2011 COP17 – Durban, South Africa
Green Climate Fund created
Keep temp increase below 2 degrees C

15. COP 2014 COP20 – Lima Over 15,000 official delegates
Lima Call for Climate Action
Draft document of Paris Agreement
0ver 400 conferences
New research
Initiatives
High profile speakers/celebrities
Hollywood activists
Media coverage
140 press conferences
900 journalists/international

16. COP21 – Paris Agreement 2015 50,000 participants
25,000 official delegates
192 Governing members have signed
Oct. 2016
U.S. & China signed
Two countries represent 40% of all emissions