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Cities & Urban Land Use
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Early Cities Which of the following was not an area where early civilizations and the first cities begin? Thames River area (Britain) Nile River Valley (Egypt) Tigris and Euphrates River Valley (Mesopotamia) Indus River Valley (India) Yangzi and Yellow (Huang) River Valleys (East Asia)
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Early Cities Which of the following was not an area where early civilizations and the first cities begin? Thames River area (Britain) Nile River Valley (Egypt) Tigris and Euphrates River Valley (Mesopotamia) Indus River Valley (India) Yangzi and Yellow (Huang) River Valleys (East Asia)
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Where are cities located? and Why?
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Site and Situation: influence the origin, function and growth of cities
* absolute location of a city * a city’s static location, often chosen for trade, defense, or religion. Situation * relative location of a city * a city’s place in the region and the world around it.
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Map Analysis: Purpose of a City
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Early Cities Urban Hearth Areas First Urban Revolution
Follows the same pattern as agricultural hearth areas Areas: Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Huang He River Valley, Egypt, & MesoAmerica First Urban Revolution Leadership class developed Population of cities was 10,000-15,000 Ancient Cities were centers of religion, power & economics
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Urban Hearths
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Diffusion of Urbanization
Classical Cities: Diffusion of Urbanization Athens – pop. 250,000 A global city, rather than regional Had acropolis & agora Rome Combine acropolis & agora = forum Urban Morphology- form & structure of cities, incl. street patterns, size and shape
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Which of the following was among the largest cities in the world around the end of the first millennium (1000 AD)? Baghdad London New York Rome Paris
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Which of the following was among the largest cities in the world around the end of the first millennium (1000 AD)? Baghdad London New York Rome Paris
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Classical Cities:
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Medieval Cities Europe – Decreased in size and importance
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Colonial Cities Colonial Cities on coast
“Deliberately established or developed as administrative or commercial centers by colonial or imperial powers” (Knox 404) Gateway Cities – “serve as a link between one country or region and others because of their physical situation” (Knox 400)
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Colonial Cities
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Which of the following was most directly responsible for the acceleration of urbanization in the 1800s in Europe and North America? Drought conditions in Eastern Europe that stimulated westward migration The colonization of the Western Hemisphere The Protestant Revolution The Industrial Revolution Increasing competitiveness of China in world trade
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Which of the following was most directly responsible for the acceleration of urbanization in the 1800s in Europe and North America? Drought conditions in Eastern Europe that stimulated westward migration The colonization of the Western Hemisphere The Protestant Revolution The Industrial Revolution Increasing competitiveness of China in world trade
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Industrialization Second Urban Revolution prompted by second revolution in agriculture Increased urbanization Location choice based solely on power source Industrial Cities – fundamental reason for existence was to simply assemble, fabricate & distribute manufactured goods Urban Sprawl – unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments and roads Transportation and Communication have facilitated urbanization (articulation)
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Industrialization- Shock Cities
Chicago 1850 30,000 1880 500,000 1900 1,700,000 1930 3,300,000 Manchester, England 1750 15,000 1801 70,000 1861 500,000 1911 2,300,000
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U.S. Urban Growth Stages (Borchert)
Sail-Wagon Epoch Iron-Horse Epoch 25
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U.S. Urban Growth Stages Steel-Rail Epoch Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch 29
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https://www. google. com/search
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Top US airports for Regional Flights
United/American Merger: Routes
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According to John Borchert, the Steel-Rail Epoch in the evolution of the American metropolis occurred between 1790 and 1830 1830 and 1870 1870 and 1920 1920 and 1960 1960 and present
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According to John Borchert, the Steel-Rail Epoch in the evolution of the American metropolis occurred between 1790 and 1830 1830 and 1870 1870 and 1920 1920 and 1960 1960 and present
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1790
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1800
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1810
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1820
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1830
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1840
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1850
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1860
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1880
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1890
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1900
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1910
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1920
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1930
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1940
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1950
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1960
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1970
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1980
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1990
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2010
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Map 1: At first cities were clustered within sixty miles of the Atlantic sea coast. Towns were either small ports or located at the crossroads of productive inland agricultural areas. Water power sites were also important.
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Map 2: The steamboats enabled large numbers of people to move to the frontier. At this scale, we can see that the frontier was largely urban and commercial. The vast system of the Mississippi and Great Lakes made continental transportation feasible. Therefore, cities soon developed in places where businessmen could take advantage of new resources and the multifaceted business of settling a new land.
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Map 3: The pattern of the railroad era is continental, and the 48 contiguous states were stitched together into a core by the railroad. Industries and other commercial activities began to reach out from the national base and engage in major overseas ventures. The Midwestern and Northeastern cores were well established at the end of the period. The West Coast city system was linked to the east but was beginning to develop a character of its own.
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Map 4: The Great Lakes automotive industry and the sun belt cities grew rapidly during the late 20th century; in addition, there was some retreat from the agricultural frontier.
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??? Map 5: The fifth map has not been drawn. What do you think it would look like? What and where are the future centers of urban growth? Which cities will experience relative decline and drop out of the top five levels of the urban hierarchy? How important will new forms of communication such as the web be over the next 30 to 40 years? This is fun part of urban geography!
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