1. The United States Breaks Away
Chapter 6
The United States Breaks Away

2. Title Page
Use the Rubric and Include the following vocabulary (with definitions).
In debt
Refugee
Migration
Petition
Revolution
Republic
Republican government
Immigration
Reserve
assimilation

3. Focus Questions for Chapter 6
How did the emergence of the United States shaped Canada?
What challenges of coexistence arose from the Loyalist migration?
How did people meet those challenges?

4. The context of the time…
After 1763Britain was deeply in debt because of the Seven Years’ War
Britain did not want to lose their influence in North America
To maintain their influence, Britain wanted to keep their troops stationed in the Thirteen Colonies
Question: If Britain was low on money, how could it fund the cost of keeping troops stationed in the Thirteen Colonies?
Britain was looking for ways to save money  it wanted to keep troops stationed in the Thirteen Colonies but decided to make the Thirteen Colonies pay for the troops to do this they raised the taxes placed on the 13 Colonies

5. To fund the troops, Britain decided to raise the taxes in the Thirteen Colonies
Question: If you were a resident in the Thirteen Colonies, how would you react to this? Why?

6. The colonists refused to pay these new taxes!.

7. The colonists said that Britain had no authority to tax them.

8. The saying, “No taxation without representation” served as the slogan for their protests against the British. -

9. What does this saying mean???
students think-pair-share their thoughts
- the colonists were very upset and protested the fact that Britain taxed them, yet they were not allowed to elect representatives to the government

10. “No taxation without representation”
The colonists felt that Britain had no right to tax them, as Britain did not allow colonists to elect representatives to the British parliament
“No taxation without representation”
students think-pair-share their thoughts
- the colonists were very upset and protested the fact that Britain taxed them, yet they were not allowed to elect representatives to the government

11. In 1775 the protests in the colonies turned into rebellion
George Washington took command of an army raised in the Thirteen Colonies to fight British rule
- Descriptor words for conflict  protest and rebellion  discuss difference between protest and rebellion with the students

12. In 1776 the Thirteen Colonies decided to break away from Britain and become an independent country….

13. The United States
- 1776 the US declared itself independent of Britain and began a war

14. The Thirteen Colonies declared itself independent of Britain
The Declaration of Independence
- 1776 the US declared itself independent of Britain and began a war

15. Question: How do you think Britain would react to the Thirteen Colonies declaring themselves independent from them?
-would Britain just let them go without a fight?
-No! This started a war…

16. The American War of Independence
-draw on perspective taking and ask the students if they think that everyone in the 13 Colonies would support this war
the American Revolution (which lasted from )

17. The war deeply divided the communities in the Thirteen Colonies
Loyalists
(United Empire Loyalists)
Patriots
The war deeply divided the communities in the Thirteen Colonies
The war deeply divided communities in the 13 Colonies
Those who supported the rebellion called themselves “Patriots”
Those who wanted to remain united to the British empire (and loyal to Britain) called themselves Loyalists

18. Did they support breaking away from or remaining under British rule?
-supported the rebellion and desired to be free from British rule
-opposed the rebellion and wanted to remain united and loyal to Britain
Loyalists
Patriots
The American Revolution pressured people in the Thirteen Colonies to Choose sides
The war deeply divided communities in the 13 Colonies
Those who supported the rebellion called themselves “Patriots”
Those who wanted to remain united to the British empire (and loyal to Britain) called themselves Loyalists
Did they support breaking away from or remaining under British rule?

19. Read Pages 169, 171-172 Independently
Read and add to your notes (pay attention to notes about pictures and maps – there are some important details in there!).
-it is important now to make note of an important fact….
-back in 1775 (so the year before the US was declared a country) American soldiers attacked Quebec hoping to free it from British rule
-the Americans thought that the Canadiens would welcome them as liberators  they were wrong and the attack failed
-What would Canada be like today if the people of Quebec had chosen differently?

20. Review:
What was added to your notes from the readings?

21. Read: Tarring and Feathering on the Rise (p. 173)
-it is important now to make note of an important fact….
-back in 1775 (so the year before the US was declared a country) American soldiers attacked Quebec hoping to free it from British rule
-the Americans thought that the Canadiens would welcome them as liberators  they were wrong and the attack failed
-What would Canada be like today if the people of Quebec had chosen differently?

22. Make note of the fact that…
The colonies of Quebec and Nova Scotia did not want to join this war against British rule
-it is important now to make note of an important fact…. (have students look at and/or read the blurb above the illustration on page 169
-back in 1775 (so the year before the US was declared a country) American soldiers attacked Quebec hoping to free it from British rule
-the Americans thought that the Canadiens would welcome them as liberators  they were wrong and the attack failed
-What would Canada be like today if the people of Quebec had chosen differently?

23. -it is important now to make note of an important fact….
-back in 1775 (so the year before the US was declared a country) American soldiers attacked Quebec hoping to free it from British rule
-the Americans thought that the Canadiens would welcome them as liberators  they were wrong and the attack failed
-What would Canada be like today if the people of Quebec had chosen differently?

24. Work with a partner to Think-Pair-Share the handout on modern-day refugees.

25. Question: What is a refugee?
A refugee is a person who is outside their country of origin (or habitual residence) because they are a member of a persecuted social group.
-persecuted systematic mistreatment; subject someone (or a group of people) to hostility; harass persistently
persecuted on account of race, religion, nationality, and/or political opinion

26. “Loyalists, with their brats and wives,
Should fly to save their wretched lives.”
“A Loyalist is someone whose head is in England
Whose body is in America
And whose neck should be stretched.”
What do these quotes mean? What could

27. During (and after) the war, many people who supported British rule left the Thirteen Colonies for the British colonies of Quebec and Nova Scotia
They were refugees escaping to territories that remained under British rule
-most of these people called themselves Loyalists and most had British ancestors
-however, this wave of people included 3,000 black Loyalists, 2,000 Haudenosaunee people (who became allies of Britain during the war), and 3,000 German Mennonites (who had not taken sides in the war)

28. Read A Wave of Refugees (p
Read A Wave of Refugees (p ) and make notes on Challenges Created by the Loyalist Migration handout. .

29. What impact do you think these settlers had on people who were already living in these colonies?.

30. The Loyalist Migration: Impacts

31. By 1790 10% of Quebec’s population was made up of British Loyalists (that’s a substantial amount!)
How will this affect Quebec?
tensions rise
Loyalists want British laws and customs
Canadiens were concerned about how well the rights granted to them by the Quebec Act would be protected
Impacts on Quebec

32. Impacts on Quebec (continued)
In Quebec Loyalists were petitioning for British laws and customs in place of French
Britain owed Loyalists for supporting them in the American Revolution
Britain also wanted to secure the goodwill of the new Loyalist settlers
Britain wanted both to remain their supporters in the face of further uprisings from America
Impacts on Quebec (continued)

33. Nova Scotia was already mainly settled by British after the deportation of Acadians
So when the Loyalists migrated they assimilated well into this society
However, due to the fact that many Loyalists established their own settlements away from the already existing British settlers in Nova Scotia, they eventually petitioned for recognition from Britain as a separate colony
Impacts on Nova Scotia

34. Impacts on First Nations
What was Britain previously trying to do when negotiating with First Nations?
Peace and Friendship
After Loyalist migrations into Canada, they shifted to negotiating for …
Land
Impacts on First Nations
-the British now tried to negotiate land out of First Nation control

35. Impacts on First Nations
British Government did negotiate for land in what was outlined as “Indian Territory” in the Royal Proclamation of 1763
However this did not always happen:
Loyalists moving to Acadia found little good farm land
Why?
They started to push into Mi’kmaq territory
The British Government allowed this
Reason Mi’kmaq were not in “Indian Territory”
Impacts on First Nations
(continued)
The First Nations people lost a huge amount of their land as well as areas that were their traditional hunting and fishing grounds.

36. Reorganize Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada
Establish the colonies of New Brunswick, St. John’s Island, and Cape Breton Island
Reorganize Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada
Lower Canada, east of Montreal  French custom and laws
Upper Canada, west of Montreal  British custom and laws
Britain’s Decision
-reference “Sandwich Activity” from the previous class (accommodating the wants and needs of diverse people)

37. Britain’s Decision Britain also:
set aside lands for Protestant Churches
guaranteed Canadiens the right to Catholic religion
Established officials and legislative councils in each colony
Every person in Canada now had a “representative government”
That would be elected by only advised a British appointed governor
Britain’s Decision
(continued)

38. Uppe -Ask students Why the names Upper Canada and Lower Canada?
-answer: refers to the flow of the water of the St. Lawrence River