1. Cell Structure
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2. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of organization for all organisms.
Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.
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3. Why are Cells Small?
As a cell’s size increases, its surface area: volume ratio decreases
Advantage of small cell size is explained by surface area-to-volume ratio.
As a cell’s size increases, its volume increases much more rapidly than surface area.
Cell membrane plays a key role in controlling cell function (the door)
Small cells have more surface area per unit volume (larger door)
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4. Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial cells are small, consisting of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane enclosed within a rigid cell wall.
Many propelled by flagellum (flagella).
Simple organization
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5. Can be compared to a factory
Eukaryotic Cells
Contain numerous membrane-bound structures (organelles) where biochemical reactions take place
Can be compared to a factory
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6. Organelle Function Factory part Nucleus Directs the cell Main office
Cell membrane
Lets some things in/out
Door
Mitochondria
Burns sugar to release energy
Generator
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
&
Smooth ER
Produces proteins
Produces lipids
Conveyor belt
Golgi Apparatus
Packages proteins
Packing dept.
Ribosomes
Put together proteins
Workers
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7. Organelle Function Factory part Chloroplast Plant cells only
Stores sunlight energy in sugar for later use
Solar panels
Lysosomes
Animal cells only
Recycles used cell parts
Recycling center
Vacuole
Storage of food & water
Very large in plant cells
Storage room
Cell wall
Structural support
Fence; external support beams
Vesicles
Moves particles around cell or to cell membrane for export
Cart
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

8. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

9. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

10. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

11. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

12. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display
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13. Chloroplast Structure
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14. Viruses are microscopic infectious agents (1/10 the size of bacteria)
What is a virus?
Viruses are microscopic infectious agents (1/10 the size of bacteria)
Consist of DNA or RNA with a protein coat.
Not considered living
Cannot reproduce outside host
Cannot be killed
Not made of cells
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15. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies