1. Challenges of open science
Dr. Jussi Paananen
Institute of Biomedicine / School of Medicine
University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
CC 4.0 BY

2. To start with, it is important to remember that there are different levels of openness.

3. LEVEL OF OPENNES
CLOSED
OPEN

4. Question #1: Where on this scale is publicly funded academic research?
LEVEL OF OPENNES
CLOSED
OPEN

5. Question #1: Where on this scale is publicly funded academic research?
Question #2: Where should it be?
LEVEL OF OPENNES
CLOSED
OPEN

6. Let’s take a look…

7. Identify research opportunities
Preparation
Initialization
Collect data
Analyze data
Disseminate findings

8. Ideas, concepts, hypotheses
Identify research opportunities
Preparation
Initialization
Collect data
Analyze data
Disseminate findings
Publications, presentations
Research plans, grant applications,
collaborator lists
Result lists, visualizations, tools, methods, lab notebooks
Reference lists, literature reviews
Research data,
lab notebooks

9. So which parts are actually open on your ”average academic research project”…

10. Ideas, concepts, hypotheses
Identify research opportunities
Preparation
Initialization
Collect data
Analyze data
Disseminate findings
Publications, presentations
Research plans, grant applications,
collaborator lists
Result lists, visualizations, tools, methods, lab notebooks
Reference lists, literature reviews
Research data,
lab notebooks

11. Ideas, concepts, hypotheses
Identify research opportunities
Preparation
Initialization
Collect data
Analyze data
Disseminate findings
Publications (partially)
Publications, presentations
Research plans, grant applications,
collaborator lists
Selected methods and results
Result lists, visualizations, tools, methods, lab notebooks
Reference lists, literature reviews
Research data,
lab notebooks

12. How open publishing and open data initiatives are changing the picture

13. Ideas, concepts, hypotheses
Identify research opportunities
Preparation
Initialization
Collect data
Analyze data
Disseminate findings
Publications (partially)
Publications, presentations
Research plans, grant applications,
collaborator lists
Selected methods and results
Result lists, visualizations, tools, methods, lab notebooks
Reference lists, literature reviews
Research data,
lab notebooks

14. Ideas, concepts, hypotheses
Identify research opportunities
Preparation
Initialization
Collect data
Analyze data
Disseminate findings
Publications
Publications, presentations
Research plans, grant applications,
collaborator lists
Selected methods and results
Result lists, visualizations, tools, methods, lab notebooks
Reference lists, literature reviews
Research data,
lab notebooks
Research data

15. Question #1: Where on this scale is publicly funded academic research?
LEVEL OF OPENNES
CLOSED
OPEN

16. Question #1: Where on this scale is publicly funded academic research?
LEVEL OF OPENNES
CLOSED
OPEN
HERE

17. Question #1: Where on this scale is publicly funded academic research?
LEVEL OF OPENNES
CLOSED
OPEN
HERE
WITH OPEN PUBLISHING
WITH OPEN DATA

18. Question #2: Where should it be?
LEVEL OF OPENNES
CLOSED
OPEN

19. CLOSED OPEN Question #2: Where should it be? LEVEL OF OPENNES
SOMEWHERE AROUND HERE (ACCORDING TO E.G. EUROPEAN COMISSION 2030 VISIONS)

20. (EC FUNDED OPEN SCIENCE TRAINING PROGRAM)
Open Science is the practice of science in such a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, under terms that enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the research and its underlying data and methods.
FOSTER
(EC FUNDED OPEN SCIENCE TRAINING PROGRAM)

21. “Open notebook science -- involves placing the personal, or laboratory, notebook of the researcher online along with all raw and processed data, and any associated material, as this material is generated. The approach may be summed up by the slogan 'no insider information'.” – Wikipedia
“The central theme of open research is to make clear accounts of the methodology freely available via the internet, along with any data or results extracted or derived from them. This permits a massively distributed collaboration, and one in which anyone may participate at any level of the project.” – Wikipedia

22. So, back to the original question
So, back to the original question. What are the challenges of Open Science for researchers?

23. Infrastructure
Knowledge & Expertise
Culture & Attitudes

24. I would argue that infrastructure is already in place
I would argue that infrastructure is already in place. There are dozens of software tools and services for open data, open research and open notebook science.

25. Knowledge & expertise is lacking
Knowledge & expertise is lacking. Researchers don’t know about the possibilities and requirements, and do not know how to use the available infrastructure.

26. Culture & attitudes is the main concern
Culture & attitudes is the main concern. Most researchers don’t want to embrace Open Science, because of Reasons.

27. The Reason
The desire to advance ones own situation, even at the expense of others

28. The Solution(?)
Carrot: Make Open Science more lucrative for an individual than Closed Science.

29. Short term improvements
Involve researchers! Open Science initiatives are too often driven by infrastructure/service providers (libraries, IT-centers…)
Open Access has already been solved, pretty much same for Open Data. Time to focus on the other more important & challenging parts of Open Science!
Provide training!

30. To sum up, some pros & cons from colleagues who have gone ”the Open Science way”..

31. Pros
Visibility, collaborations, fame, and therefore money, publications, positions and influence

32. No one is actually that interested about my ideas/data.
Cons
No one is actually that interested about my ideas/data.

33. Thank you!