1. Blood & Nervous System

2. Principal parts of the system.
Heart
Lungs
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

3. The heart. Composed of four chambers
Pumps to the lungs then around the body

4. The Lungs
Responsible for infusing the blood with Oxygen and removing Carbon Dioxide

5. Arteries, Veins, Nerves All three come down the leg side by side.
VAN – vein, artery, nerve. The vein is dorsal the nerve is palmar.
Veins are thin walled with one way valves.
Arteries are thick muscular walled vessles.
Nerves thin bundles of white fibres.

6. Arteries
Arteries carry blood from the heart and lungs to the various tissue of the body
Foot contains 4 pairs of Arteries
Digital
Coronal
Paracuneal
Circumflex a. of P3.

8. Medial Digital A.
Circumflex A. of P.1.
Circumflex A. P.2
Proximal Nav. A.
Coronal A.
Distal Nav. A.
Circumflex A. P.3
Dorsal branch Digital A.
Paracuneal A.

9. B C F G H A D E I

10. Arteries of the Foot Digital Artery Coronal Artery Dorsal A. of P.3
Proximal Nav. Artery
Coronal Artery
Dorsal A. of P.3
Distal Nav. Artery
Paracuneal Artery
Cirucumflex a. of P.3

11. Circumflex a . Of p2.
Dorsal plexus
Dorsal a. or preplantar a. of p.3
Solar corium

12. Incorrect trimming and shoeing can have a direct impact on two arteries
The circumflex artery of P.3, by causing too much pressure on the sole
The Paracuneal artery of the frog , by over trimming and the incorrect application of a frog pressure devise

13. Veins Digital veins – drain the digital A.
Coronal veins make up the venous plexus on the lateral cartilage
Paracuneal veins drain the Para. A.
Circumflex veins drain the circumflex A.

14. 5 Corium Coronary corium produces majority of hoof wall
Laminar corium terminal papillae – white line
Solar corium – horny sole
Frog corium - frog
Perioplic corium - periople

15. Nerves The body has both Sensory and Motor nerves.
Sensory nerves send messages to the brain.
Motor nerves send messages from the brain to muscles
Only Sensory nerves are present below the Carpus or Tarsal joints

16. Sensory Nerves of the Digit
Palmar Digital Nerve, medial and lateral
Divides about the Metacarpo – phalangeal joint to form two or more main branches.

17. Sensory Nerves of the Digit
Lateral Palmar Nerve
Dorsal Branch, Digital Nerve
Middle Branch Digital Nerve
Posterior Branch Digital Nerve

18. Nerve blocking/Denerving
Nerve blocking – temporary removal of sensation with the use of local anesthetic
Denerving – permanent loss of sensation by surgery

19. De - Nerving Commonly done either high or low.
High denerving will remove most or all sensation from the fetlock down.
Low denerving will remove most sensation from the heel area of the digit.
Denerving makes it impossible for the body to be aware of injury or infection.

20. Site of denerving
High
Low

21. Self Test
The vascular system of the leg is made up of different parts. What are they?
Arteries can best be described as?
How many Coria are there in the foot?
AVA stands for what?
The two most important blood vessels for a farrier to be aware of are?
There are many small blood vessels that pass through the solar surface of P.3. True or False
There is a major blood vessel that forms a loop within P.3. what is it?
Loss of blood supply to tissue is called?
There are two types of nerves what are they?
Which type are found in the leg? Why?
What is the difference between “nerve blocking “ and “denerving”?