1. DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CLOUD COMPUTING
PREPARED BY
G.VIJAYA KUMAR
Asst.Professor

2. CLOUD COMPUTING
UNIT-1

3. UNIT-1 Scalable computing over the internet:
Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet,
basically a step on from Utility Computing
a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware, software and networking services to clients
These platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).

4. UNIT-1
Technologies for Network Based Systems: System Area Interconnects: A LAN is typically used to connect clients to big servers.
A Storage Area Network (SAN) connects servers to network storage such as disk arrays.
Network attached storage (NAS) connects servers directly to disk arrays. All
3 types of networks often appear in a large cluster built with commercial
network components.

5. UNIT-1
NAS:A NAS is fundamentally a bunch of disks, usually arranged in a disk array.
Users and servers attach to the NAS primarily using TCP/IP over Ethernet,
and the NAS has its own IP address. The primary job of a NAS is to serve
files, so most NAS systems offer support for Windows networking, HTTP,
plus file systems

6. UNIT-1 System models for distributed and cloud computing:
Virtual Machines and Virtualization Middleware
To build clouds we need to aggregate large amounts of computing, storage, and networking resources in a virtualized manner. Specifically clouds rely on the dynamic virtualization of CPU, memory, and I/O,Virtual Machines (VMs)The VM is built with virtual resources managed by a guest OS to run a
specific application. Between the VMs and the host platform, a middleware layer (called the Virtual Memory Monitor (VMM) or a
hypervisor) is deployed. Type 1 (bare metal) hypervisor
The bare metal hypervisor runs on the bare hardware and handles all the Hardware (CPU, memory, and I/O) directly. This runs in the privileged mode. The guest OS could any OS such as Linux, Windows etc. They provide an almost native performance to the guest OSs (VMs), generally losing only 34% of the Central Processing Unit’s cycles to the
running of the hypervisor.

7. UNIT-1
These can be classified into 4 groups: clusters, peer to peer networks, grids, and clouds .A
computing cluster consists of interconnected stand
alone computers which work cooperatively as a single integrated computing resource. The
network of compute nodes are connected by LAN/SAN and are typically
homogeneous with distributed control running Unix/Linux. They are suited
to HPC

8. UNIT-1
P2P network: every node (peer) acts as both a client and server. Peers act autonomously to join or leave the network. No central coordination or central database is needed. No peer machine has a global view of the entire
P2P system. The system is self organizing with distributed control.

9. UNIT-1 P2P Networks are classified into different groups:
Distributed File Sharing, content distribution of MP3 music, video, etc. E.g. Gnutella, Napster, Bit Torrent
Collaboration P2P networks Skype chatting, instant messaging, gaming etc.Distributed P2P computing
: specific application computing such as 25 T-flops of distributed computing power over 3 million Internet host machines.

10. UNIT-1 , Performance, Security and Energy Efficiency:
Cloud Computing represents the most promising Information and Communication Technology (ICT) paradigm that is directly
or indirectly used by almost every online user. Its ultra scale size requires large data centers comprising several thousands of servers
and other supporting equipment. The power consumption share of such infrastructures reaches 1.1% to 1.5% of the total electricity
use worldwide, and is projected to rise even more. In this paper, we describe recent trends in Cloud Computing regarding the
energy efficiency of its supporting infrastructure. We present the state of the art approaches found in literature and in practice
covering servers, networking, Cloud management systems and appliances, which consists of a software utilized by end users.
We describe benefits and trade-offs when applying energy efficiency techniques, and finally we extract existing challenges and
highlight future research directions

11. UNIT-1 Parallel and Distributed Programming Environment:
Message Passing Interface
(MPI) is the primary programming standard used to develop parallel programs to run on a distributed system.
Map Reduce:
This is a web programming model for scalable data processing on large clusters over large

12. UNIT-1
Hadoop :A software platform to write and run large data sets. Hadoop is scalable, economical, efficient
And user applications on vast datasets in business reliable in providing users with easy access of and advertising applications.