1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
European
Colonialism in
Africa
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. WHAT IS IMPERIALISM? WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OLD IMPERIALISM and NEW IMPERIALISM? Who are the imperialists? Where did they go in the 1600’s? Where did they go in the 1800’s?

3. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

4. European Motives For Colonization European Nationalism
Source for
Raw
Materials
Missionary Activity
Industrial
Revolution
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Social Darwinism
European Racism
Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul.
Humanitarian Reasons
Soc. & Eco. Opportunities
“White Man’s Burden”

5. WHY NEW IMPERIALISM? POLITICAL CULTURAL ECONOMIC HOW
Suez Canal and technology
Military and war
Disease

6. 19c
Mysteries
& Adventures

7. 1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone?
Doctor Livingstone, I Presume?
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Dr. David Livingstone

8. European Explorers in Africa
19c  Europeans Map the Interior of Africa

9. SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1879 Africans ruled 90%
1910 Africa taken over by Europeans
Only free areas were Liberia and Ethiopia

10. Africa
1890

11. Africa in
1914

12. Berlin Conference of
Another point of view? 

13. Berlin Conference of

14. Social Darwinism

15. The “White Man’s Burden”
Rudyard Kipling

16. The “White Man’s Burden”?

17. 20TH CENTURY COLONIALISM IN AFRICA

18. EGYPT
strategic location and tried to modernize (Muhammad Ali and Isma’il)
Forced farmers to grow cotton (industry!)
Built Suez Canal…but debt to British!
- So….British ruled “indirectly” to save investments

19. BELGIUM Belgium took CENTRAL AFRICA – CONGO
Import substitution: RUBBER TREES
Forced Africans to work on the plantations which were very dangerous

20. The Belgian Congo:
"King Leopold's
Ghost"

21. The Congo Free State or The Belgian Congo

22. King Leopold II: (r – 1909)

23. Harvesting Rubber

24. Punishing “Lazy” Workers

25. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit Belgian Official

26. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

27. Leopold’s Conscience??

28. Leopold Defends Himself in Paris, 1903
King Leopold (to Loubert) : How about that!  John Bull claims that I tortured, robbed and murdered more than he did Loubert : No, your Majesty, that's impossible .

29. ETHIOPIA
Fought off ITALIAN colonialism (Battle of Adawa) – MENELIK II (King)
REMAINED INDEPENDENT because it had lots of help from European countries, more industrialized, religious affiliation

30. The Struggle
For
South Africa

31. SOUTH AFRICA
British in S. Africa because the Dutch had asked them to “look after” their territories during Napoleonic era.
Africanners (Dutch) or Boers and British surrounded ZULU and took lands
Zulu were a fierce tribe led by SHAKA ZULU

32. Boer-British Tensions Increase
1877 – Britain annexed the Transvaal.
1883 – Boers fought British in the Transvaal and regained its independence Paul Kruger becomes President.
1880s – Gold discovered in the Transvaal

33. Dutch Landing in 1652

34. Shaka Zulu (1785 – 1828)

35. The Great Trek,
Afrikaners

36. Diamond Mines
Raw Diamonds

37. The Struggle for South Africa

38. SOUTH AFRICA – CONT.
Africanners & British clash over gold – Boers go on the Great Trek to move north
Boer War = British vs. BOERS (Africanners) – British win!
But they let the Africaners stay…

39. “The Colossus of Rhodes”
Cecil Rhodes ( )
“The Colossus of Rhodes”

40. Uncle Sam: “The Colossus of the Pacific” (A Parody)

41. Paul Kruger ( )

42. The Boer War:
The British
The Boers

43. A Future British Prime Minister
Just like in the Spanish-American War with Theodore Roosevelt leading the Rough Riders, the Boer War made Churchill a leader for the future.
British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill

44. APARTEID in SOUTH AFRICA
RACIAL SEGREGATION
Majority black (90%) have less rights than minority white Africaans (10%)
Whites profit off cheap African labor while retaining all the privileges
ENDED IN 1994: Nelson Mandela is President

45. NEW ECONOMIES IN AFRICA
No more slavery? CASH CROPS
RUBBER (Congo), Tea, etc….
PALM OIL – for the new industrial machines

46. COERCED LABOR
ALGERIA – French forced natives to work for days a year (like corvee or mit’a) CONGO – Belgian Rubber plantations (Africans forced) INDONESIA – Dutch forced farmers to sell cheap crops to them (20%) There was rebellion: Maji Maji

47. MIGRATION FOR WORK
Africans and other colonial people moved from countryside to cities (disrupt families)
Many became indentured servants
Worked in areas that the mother country also “owned” and controlled: (Indians to Mauritius and South Africa)

48. CULTURAL CHANGES Europeans tried to make colonists “like them”
EDUCATION (western education, better positions)
DRESS (dress like a European)
RELIGION (Christianity or stop offensive practices) - no nudity
- no polygamy - no sati - no female circumcision

49. CONSEQUENCES OF NEW IMPERIALISM
Some fought – Menelik in Ethiopia ag. Italy in 1896 – and WON
Most rebellions were unsuccessful
Africans lived in poverty, made to labor, sold as slaves – no chance for land
Mission schools – took away culture, introduced W. ways, sometimes changed (Islam)