1. ARTICULATORS Dr. Monia M.N. Kandil صناعة اسنان \ خامس د.منية م(5)
ARTICULATORS
Dr. Monia M.N. Kandil

2. Panto-graphic tracing
Sterio-graphic

3. Non Adjustable Articulators

4. Mean Value articulator
Hinge articulator

5. Semi Adjustable Articulators

6. Some of semi-adjustable articulators (for example, the Hanau H series, the Dentatus, and the Gysi) have the condyles attached to the upper member of the instrument (non-arcon), whereas others have the condyle attached to the lower member as occurs in nature (arcon)

7. Arcon articulator

8. Non Arcon
articulator

9. Arcon & Non arcon articulators
Difference between
Arcon & Non arcon articulators

10. Fully Adjustable Articulators

11. Fully adjustable
articulator

12. Semi-Adjustable
Articulators

13. What if patient doesn’t match articulator when measure the distance between condyler axis and 2 jaws?
Articulator
Patient

14. Articulators

15. We obtain a measurement of this distance
Articulators
The distance from the condyle to the teeth is crucial
We obtain a measurement of this distance
with a facebow

16. It should be remembered that when lateral and protrusive records are used to adjust a semi-adjustable articulators, the settings will be accurate for only those positions at which the records were made, but the pathways between these positions will not be (as the static relation differ from the dynamic relation).

17. Records needed for mounting on a Semi-adjustable Articulator:
I-Face Bow record or by Bonwill triangle
II-Centric relation record
III-Eccentric relation records
a-Protrusive Record
b-Lateral Excursion Records ??

18. Mounting the upper cast
By face bow record .
2. By Bonwill triangle

19. Semi-adjustable Articulator
Remember
Semi-adjustable Articulator
Can be programmed to reproduce
some MN movement capabilities;
usually limited to straight line
movements

20. Semi-adjust. Articulator Mechanics
Remember
Semi-adjust. Articulator Mechanics
Maxillary Cast: related with face-bow.
Mandibular Cast: related with interocclusal record or “hand articulate”. This relates the mandibular cast to the maxillary cast.
Excursive Guidance: set incisal guide table and condylar guidance.

21. Fully Adjustable
Articulators

22. Fully-adjustable Articulator
An articulator that allows replication of three dimensional movement of recorded mandibular motions:
A fully adjustable articulator allows generally accurate replication of three dimensional movement for recorded mandibular motion. It uses the greatest number of records, including a face-bow, interocclusal record, protrusive record, and lateral records, and often requires even more complex versions of face-bow and lateral jaw recordings.

23. Fully-Adjustable Articulator :
This type of articulators can accept the following records:
Face-bow record
Interocclusal record
Protrusive record
Lateral records
Can also utilize more complex types of face- bow and lateral records.

24. Fully-Adjustable Articulator
• It is the most accurate instrument.
• It is designed to reproduce the entire character of the mand. border movements, including: immediate and progressive lateral translation, and the curvature and direction of the condylar inclination.
• Intercondylar distance is completely adjustable.
The tracing of condyle path way is accomplished by helping of a pantographic tracer.

25. Limitations of Fully adjustable condylar path articulators
The techniques required for its use demand a high degree of skill & are time consuming to accomplish.
This type of instrument is expensive.
For these reasons, they are used primarily for extensive treatment, requiring the reconstruction of an entire occlusion.
Unavoidable errors that occur in recording the angulation of the condyle paths on using such instruments make their value doubtful.

26. Articulators of the fully adjustable type include
The Stuart instrument
The Gnatholator
The Denar D5A
H.O.Beck and Coworkers have developed an experimental articulator that takes the factor of time into account by correlating the time of movement in each of the three planes of the skull.

27. Hanau Kinoscope articulator

28. Stansbery tripod.

29. Denar II
Denar V

30. Fully adjustable H.O.Beck experimental articulator

31. CLASS IV: FULLY ADJUSTABLE ( PROTAR 9 )
This class of articulators accepts registration of all anatomic determinant of occlusal morphology, and most closely simulates the movement directed by these controls.
This class will accept a “hinge axis” kinematic transfer bow.
The incisal guidance can closely simulate the paths of natural dentition.
This class is fully utilized in extensive restorative procedures, as well as adjunct to diagnostic determinations of TMJ dysfunction.

32. FULLY ADJUSTABLE ARTICULATORS (PROTAR 9)

33. Records needed for mounting on a Fully Adjustable Articulator
Hinge axis location and Face bow record
Centric Relation Record
Pantographic tracings
Stereographs

34. Records needed for mounting on a Fully Adjustable Articulator
A- Hinge axis location and Face bow record
Face bow record has to be made in relation to the actual terminal hinge axis. This should first be located using a Kinematic face bow.

35. B- Centric Relation Record:
Since the use of such an articulator would be limited to those cases that need full reconstruction and rehabilitation 
It can be done by
But it prefers more sophisticated methods, such as:
- Electronic recording techniques
- Intraoral gothic arc registration
Classic centric records

36. C- Pantographic tracings
Tracing the exact movements made by the mandible to register the exact direction and path and amount of those movements.
A pantographic tracing is made by the use of the pantograph, to record lateral and protrusive excursions

37. The pantograph
Consists of two facebows, one affixed to the maxilla while the other to the mandible, with the use of clutches that are attached to the teeth.

38. The tracings are made by styli attached to one member and small tables upon which the tracings are drawn attached to the other member, opposite the styli. There are posterior vertical and horizontal tables on both right and left sides. The patient is instructed to move his mandible through protrusive, right and left lateral excursion movements, while the styli scribe on their opposing tables the paths followed by the condyles in those movements.

39. When the pantograph is attached to the articulator, adjustments and alterations are made to the movements of the articulator follows the same paths that was scribed by the styli on their tables, that is following the paths of the condyles in their movements.
Computerized systems have also been developed. A print out is obtained and used to program the articulator. The computerized systems closely resembles the manual pantograph and are much more economical as regards time, as the transfer stage is eliminated.

41. Pantographic recording
For fully adjustable articulator

42. Computerized systems

43. D- Stereographs:
This is another method for programming the fully adjustable articulators.
Clutches are made to fit the teeth, and the patient is instructed to perform lateral and protrusive excursions, during which, studs in one clutch cut into the opposing one.

44. For programming the articulator, the clutches are transferred to it, and it is moved to follow along the paths formed by the cut out areas. The condyles of the articulator are made to mold auto-polymerizing resin, previously placed in the articulator fossae. This enables the original jaw movements to be reproduced when the clutches are removed.

45. Summary The choice of articulator depends upon such factors as;
Intended use - Skill of the technician
Availability of equipment - Expense
Patient's occlusion - Skill of the operator
The more closely the articulator matches the patients anatomy, usually the better the outcome and the less adjustment is required at chairside on fitting prostheses.