1. ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
PLANT NUTRITION
Dr. Péter Csathó

2. ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION
 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility
2. Basic principles and methods of soil tests (30 slides)
3. Principles and methods of plant analysis 4. Types of Plant Nutrition Experiments 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
6. Plant nutrition and environmental aspects of soil pH and lime status
7. Assessing of organic farming from the aspect of sustainable plant nutrition
8. The environmental aspects of plant nutrition 9. Heavy metal load of agricultural production related to plants nutrition
10. The basics of environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system : Evaluation of the database of Hungarian long-term field NPK fertilization exeriments 11. The structure of environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system 12. Comparative evaluation of the environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system, and its application in case of some
farms

3. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY POWER PLANTS

4. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
The rational use of soil, the maintenance and improvement of its fertility makes it necessary to examine the turnover of essential minerals . Although only 5-10% of the plant dry matter has mineral origin, the growth of plant is determined by the amount of these mineral elements on the soil and in aquatic ecosystems.
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

5. First nutrient balances: 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Boussingault
Liebig
Prjanisnyikov
Cserháti
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

6. Classification of NPK balances related to unit area plot
farm county region national level
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

7. A Nutrient gaines and losses in soils (Mengel, 1987)
Ide ez az ábra jól jönne
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

8. A Nutrient gaines and losses in soils
Gains
manure fertilizer N-fixation
Weathering
Release by organic matter
Seeds
deposits irrigation water
Losses
Crop removal
Denitrification (N) Volatilization (ammonia) Leaching (nitrate) Erosion [Nutrient entrapment]
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

9. Simplified agronomic NPK Balance
The extent of gains from the seed and deposits is approximately the same as the extent of losses from volatilization and denitrification Non of them is considered in the balance calculation. Similarly, the extent of nutrient mineralization (gains) and the nutrient entrapment (losses) are also not taken into consideration. These nutrients remain in the corn field (plot). Erosion of course can reduce the plot fertility, but if the soil does not leave the plot, erosion does not affect the cornfields (plots) balance.
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

10. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Former national NPK balance calculations
Zukker (1938)
Farkas (1942)
Láng (1960)
Győrffy (1965)
Kádár (1982, 1987, 1992)
Sarkadi (1979)
Csathó (1994)
Csathó és Radimszky (2005)
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

11. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Former county NPK balance calculations
Rézhegyi and Debreceni (1989) /Pest county/ Markó (1987) /Somogy County/   Nagy (1991) / Fejér county / Máthéné et al. (2005) / Each county /
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

12. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Former county NPK balance calculations
Rézhegyi and Debreceni (1989) /Pest county/ Markó (1987) /Somogy County/   Nagy (1991) / Fejér county / Máthéné et al. (2005) / Each county /
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

13. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
The Kádár's and OECD agronomic approach NPK balances are "compatible„ with each other. The environmental approach N balances show about kg / ha more N than the agronomic balances. Hungary has to make its environmental balance and has to report it annually to the OECD , as part of the obligations of OECD membership.
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

14. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Nutrient gains and losses of The OECD Environmental Approach NP balances
Gains
manure fertilizer seeds
By product of green crops
N-fixation of legumes
deposits from air irrigation water
nutrient mineralization
Losses
Crop removal
Denitrification (N) Volatilization (ammonia) Leaching (nitrate) Erosion [Nutrient entrapment]
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

15. NPK quantities produced by animal species
(kg / head / year) (Csathó, 1997)
Animal species Produced nutrient kg/animal/year
N P2O5 K2O
cattle 60,0 30,0 60,0
horse 60,0 30,0 60,0
buffalo 60,0 30,0 60,0
donkey 25,0 12,5 25,0
mule 25,0 12,5 25,0
pig 10,0 5,0 10,0
sheep 9,0 4,5 9,0
goat 9,0 4,5 9,0
poultry 0,4 0, ,4
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

16. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
N, P2O5 és K2O content of the main yield and by product of the most important arable plants based on Hungarian literature Csathó, 1997)
Plant Main yield By product
Name N% P2O5 % K2O % Name N% P2O5 % K2O %
Winter
wheat seed 2,0 0,9 0,5 straw 0,5 0,2 1,0
Rice seed 1,2 0,6 0,6 straw 0,5 0,2 0,9
Barley (ő, t) seed 1,7 0,7 0,5 straw 0,5 0,2 1,2
Maize seed 1,6 0,6 0,4 stem 0,6 0,2 1,0
Millet seed 2,0 0,6 0,3 straw 0,8 0,2 0,8
Oat seed 1,9 0,7 0,5 straw 0,6 0,2 1,5
Rye seed 1,8 0,8 0,6 straw 0,5 0,2 0,9
Sorghum seed 2,0 0,6 0,3 stem 0,8 0,2 0,8
Soy seed 5,5 1,0 1,2 stem - - -
Sunflower seed 2,4 1,2 1,0 stem 0,5 0,3 3,5
Rape seed 3,5 1,6 1,0 stem 0,5 0,2 1,1
Bean seed 4,1 1,2 1,7 straw 1,6 0,3 1,3
Pea seed 3,7 1,0 1,2 straw 0,9 0,4 1,0
Potato tuber 0,4 0,2 0,7 stem - - -
Sugarbeet rute 0,2 0,1 0,3 loaf+leaf 0,4 0,2 0,4
Vegetable main yield 0,2 0,1 0,2 by-product 0,3 0,12 0,66
Grape main yield 0,4 0,2 0,3 by-product 0,32 0,12 1,06
Fruit main yield 0,5 0,3 0,4 by-product 0,46 0,18 1,12
Flax seed 3,3 1,3 1,0 weed 0,6 0,4 1,0
Hemp seed 2,6 1,7 0,9 weed 0,3 0,2 0,6
Tobacco leaf 3,0 0,6 4,0 weed 2,0 0,9 3,0
Feed root 0,2 0,1 0,4 loaf+leaf 0,3 0,1 0,4
hops cone 3,2 1,5 3,0 stem - - -
Red clover hay 2,3 0,5 1,
Alfafa hay 2,7 0,7 1,
Corn silage above ground
part 0,3 0,1 0,
Other
greenfeed above ground
part 0,5 0,2 0,
Other feed hay 1,8 0,5 2,
Grassland hay 1,7 0,6 1,
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

17. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Changes in by-products’ utilization during the 20th century were considered as follows:
By product
The ratio of by product taken away from the plots
Cereal straw 100% % %
Maize stalk 100% % %
Sunflower stalk 100% % %
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

18. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
National NPK nutrient balances
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

19. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Landuse pattern categories in Hungary,
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

20. Volume of livestock production in Hungary, 1901-2000.

21. Organic Fertilizer consumption in Hungary, 1901-2005 (Csathó és Radimszky, 2008)

22. Fertilizer consumption in Hungary 1901-2010 (Csathó és Radimszky, 2011)

23. Total production of main crops in Hungary, 1901-2000.

24. The yearly N-balance of the Hungarian agriculture, (Environmental approach Csathó and Radimszky, 2008)

25. The yearly P balance of Hungarian agriculture , (Environmental Approach, Csathó and Radimszky, 2008)

26. The yearly K balance of Hungarian agriculture, (Environmental approach Csathó and Radimszky, 2008)

27. NPK balances in Hungary, 1901-2000.
(Agronomic approach, Csathó and Radimszky, 2000)

28. Cummulative NPK balances in Hungary, 1901-2000.
(Agronomic approach, Csathó and Radimszky, 2003)

29. The estimated N-supply of Hungarian soils, 1960-2010
Stefanovits and Sarkadi (1963), Kádár (1992), Kovács (1984), Baranyai et al. (1987), Buzásné et al. (1988), Csathó (2003, 2012) nyomán N

30. The estimated P supply of Hungarian soils, Stefanovits and Sarkadi (1963), Kádár (1992), Kovács (1984), Baranyai et al. (1987), Buzásné et al. (1988), Csathó (2003, 2012) nyomán P

31. The estimated K supply in Hungarian soils Stefanovits and Sarkadi (1963), Kádár (1992), Kovács (1984), Baranyai et al. (1987), Buzásné et al. (1988), Csathó (2003, 2012) nyomán K

32. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
Regional NPK nutrient balance
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

33. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

34. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
N-balance of Hungarian agronomic regions, related to kg N / ha arable land,
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

35. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
P-balance of Hungarian agronomic regions, related to P2O5 kg / ha arable land,
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

36. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
K-balance of Hungarian agronomic regions, related to kg K2O / ha arable land,
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

37. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
The NPK nutrient balance of EU countries
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

38. Estimated cumulative N balance of European countries, 1991–2005 (Csathó and Radimszky, 2007)

39. Estimated cumulative P balance of European countries, 1991–2005 (Csathó and Radimszky, 2007)

40. Relationship between cumulative NP balances between 1991 (the year of Nitrate Directive is entered into force ) and 2005 and the country's livestock production in some EU countries (Csathó and Radimszky, 2009).

41. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance
The estimated effect of Hungarian export feed grains on the nutrient management
/ 5 million tons of manure ingredient is resulted from the use of feed grains surplus /
5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

42. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance