1. Utilization of Palm Oil Processing Waste
(Palm Oil Mill Effluent/POME) As A Biogas Raw Materials in Indonesia
Endro Gunawan
Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development
Ministry of Agriculture
2017

2. Outline Methodology IntroductionII
Methodology
III
National Energy Policy IV
Policy Implementation for Biomass Energy V
Utilization of POME for Biogas VI
Conclusion

3. I. Introduction
The growth average energy consumption in Indonesia  7% in the last 10 Years
Caused by growth of population (250 million)
Petroleum and coal is the main fuel in Indonesia

4. …continued
Indonesia is the largest producer of CPO in the world  have a huge of palm oil processing waste (POME)
POME  waste as a pollutant in the water  as a material for biogas
The objective : identify potential, constraints and opportunities for POME, as well as economic and institutional analysis of biogas from processing of palm oil waste in Indonesia.

5. New Paradigm of Bioenergy Management in Indonesia
ENERGY SUPPLY SIDE MANAGEMENT
ENERGY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
SUPPLY
DEMAND
DEMAND
SUPPLY
Need Energy Sectoral efficient :
Household
Transportation
Industru
commmercial
Maximal Utilization of renewable energy (Diversification)
Fosil Energy
(High cost, full subsidy)
Need Energy Sectoral Not efficient :
Household
Transportation
Industru
commmercial
Energy Fosil
As balancing
Renewable Energy
As Alternatif
CONSERVATION
In the future :
Utilization energy  efficient
Use renewable energy  maximalization
Renewable energy  as a balancing
Existing :
Utilization energy  In-efficient
Use fossil energy  high cost
Renewable energy  only alternative

6. II. Methodology Location : Rokan Hulu District, Riau Province in 2015
Riau Province is the main producer palm oil in Indonesia
Primary data  were collected through direct interviews to oil palm farmers and users of oil palm biogas.
Data analysed  quantitatively and qualitatively analysis.
Economic analysis  comparison between Biogas Power Plant vs Diesel Power Plant.

7. III. National Energy Policy
Improve the installed capacity of power generation /energy production;
Energy growth around 7% per year; require any additional capacity to meet energy demand; through geothermal and hydro.
Improve the access to modern energy for isolated area from PLN’s grid, particularly the remote areas and small island;
On going program: electricity/rural energy with microhydro, solar, biomass, biogas.

8. …continued
Reduce Fuel/electricity subsidies (energy) Diesel  Solar, Microhydro, Biomass, Biodiesel;
Diesel substitution with renewable energy could reduce subsidies.
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
Efficiency improvement and utilization of new and renewable energy will minimize greenhouse gas emissions.
Energy saving
Saving 1 kWh is cheaper and easier than generate 1 kWh.

9. Grand Design Bioenergy Development
23%
2014
2020
2025
290
Juta TOE
215
450
Million TOE
Bussiness As Usual
TARGETED 2025
400
EBT
Coal
Gas
Oil
30%
22%
25%
17%
29%
32% 6%
24%
41%
Current
BIOFUEL: 4,7%
BIOFUEL: 3%
Totaly National Primary Energy : MTOE
Renewable Energy: 13 MTOE
Geothermal : 6 MTOE
BIOFUEL : 4 MTOE
BIOMASSA : 2 MTOE
Water : 1 MTOE

10. Target of the Energy Policy 2025
Gas 22%
Coal 30%
Oil 25%
Renewable 23%
Renewable Energy :
Biofuel (5%)
Biomass (5%)
Geotherm (7%)
Water (3%)
New Energy (3%)
Strategy :
Decreasing intensity of energy 1% per year
Energy elasticity < 1 in 2025
Optimalization the source of renewable energy

11. The policy of national energy  the Indonesian legislation and some regulation from the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
Contains : the priority of the supply and use of renewable energy, the target of renewable energy in 2025 amounted to 23% mix of energy, mandatory use of biofuel on the transportation , industrial, commercial sectors and power plant electricity.
Prioritized on three types of biofuel: biodiesel, bioethanol and vegetable oils.

12. IV. Policy Implementation for Biomass Energy

13. Biofuel Mandatory Roadmap
MEMR Regulation No.21 Year 2015

14. Biomass Potential for Electricity

15. Biomass Potential for Electricity

16. Potensi of Palm Oil for Energy
Riau

17. FIT for Biomass Power Plant
MEMR Regulation No.21 Year 2016

18. FIT for Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant
MEMR Regulation No.44 Year 2015

19. The Development of Bioenergy Power Plant
Biomass in Indonesia can generate electricity up to 32 GW
Installed Capacity of Biomass and Biogas Power Plant
up to May 2016 is 128,6 MW, consist of:
Solid Palm Oil Waste: 102,4 MW
Liquid Palm Oil Waste/POME: 8,6 MW
MSW: 17,6 MW

20. V. Utilization of POME as Biogas

21. a. Potential of POME as Biogas Resources
The processing of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) into crude palm oil (CPO) and the entire palm oil mill production activities  produced biomass, both in solid and liquid waste (known as Palm Oil Mill Effluent / POME).
Waste of palm oil processing industry : POME as a source of bioenergy.
The potential of POME in Riau  608 palm oil processing industry
2015 palm oil processing industry in Riau reached 223 units, with an average capacity of 9,670 tons/hour. The potential of waste  million tonnes (Table 1).
PT ARP in Rokan Hulu district, where waste is managed by the village with government support has been able to generate 1 MW of electricity for the needs of rural communities (about 1,500 home).

22. Waste Palm in Riau Province, 2015
Tabel 1. Area, Production Potential, and Availability of Palm Oil Factory (PKS) and
Waste Palm in Riau Province, 2015
District
Area (Ha)
Production Potential Fresh Bunch
(000 Ton)
Palm Oil Processing
(Units)
Capacity of Palm Oil Processing (Ton/hours)
Need of Fresh Bunch
Potential of POME
Kampar
Rokan Hulu
Pelalawan
Indragiri Hulu
Kuansing
Bengkalis
Rokan Hilir
Dumai
Siak
Indragiri Hilir
Pekanbaru
36.345
10.745
7.745,26
8.470,90
6.122,90
2.379,40
2.570,76
3.972,84
5.462,90
726,90
5.755,64
4.561,06
214,90 35 39 22 23 18 12 28 2 25 1
1.550
1.605
1.040
975
720
505
1.190
120
1.105
830 30
9.300
9.630
6.240
5.850
4.320
3.030
7.140
6.630
4.980
180
4.650
4.815
3.120
2.925
2.160
1.515
3.570
360
3.315
2.490 90
Riau Province
47.983,46
223
9.670
58.020
29.010

23. Need high cost for investment
b. Obstacles and Opportunities for Development of POME as Biogas Power Plant.
Obstacle :
Need high cost for investment
Need agreement with Palm oil factory and community used of POME
Need collaboration with National Electricity Company
Opportunity :
Abundant of POME and not utilized
Availability of biogas processing technology
Need a large number of electricity for the community

24. Biogas Project utilizing POME

25. c. Economic Feasibility of POME as a Biogas Power Plant
The cost of subscriber biogas electricity is much cheaper, which is Rp. 45,000/month compared to diesel electricity (Rp 120,000/month);
The price of electricity per KWh is cheaper (Rp 1,900/ KWh) than diesel electricity (Rp 4,000/KWh);
Non-stop biogas lighting for 24 hours
The quality of electric current from biogas is very stable; and
If there is a power failure, it can be handled immediately.

26. VI. Conclusion
Riau province has a large of POME and most of it has not been utilized with a potential of around million tonnes by 2015.
From the processing of fresh fruit bunches of 1 ton of palm oil can produce about 0.6 to 1 m3 POME. Indonesia has about 608 palm oil mills potentially generating up to 1,000 MW of electricity
The economic feasibility of biogas power generation from POME waste is: (a) the cost of abudemen and the price of electricity per KWh is cheaper than diesel electricity, (b) non stop time for 24 hours; (c) the quality of the electric current is more stable and (d) easier in the maintenance and handling of installation.
The institutional biogas management system of POME needs to be integrated with the oil palm plantation for sustainability of row material

27. THANK YOU….gracias 27