1. Cultural and Social Revolutions
The 1960s
Cultural and Social Revolutions

2. Kennedy in Office Kennedy and Nixon
The presidential campaign of 1960 turned out to be one of the …
John F. Kennedy was a Catholic and the … presidential candidate in history.
Both Kennedy and Nixon were ardent ...
Missile gap
Television debate
Kennedy's agenda envisioned new initiatives aimed at countering … in the world.
Peace Corps
Space program

4. Kennedy in Office Kennedy failed at ousting Castro from ...
Bay of Pigs
The Missile Crisis
The most dangerous crisis of the Kennedy administration came in October 1962, when American spy planes discovered that the Soviet Union was … in Cuba capable of reaching the United States with ...
In 1963, Kennedy moved to reduce Cold War ...
Limited Test-Ban Treaty

5. Civil Rights (finally)
The Rising Tide of Protest
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized the …in 1961.
As protests escalated, so did the resistance of ...
Birmingham
The high point of protest came in the spring of 1963.
Martin Luther King Jr. led a … in Birmingham, Alabama.
"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
King made the bold decision to send … into the streets of Birmingham.
The events in Birmingham forced white Americans to decide whether they had … with fellow citizens demanding their basic … or violent ...

6. Civil Rights The March on Washington Kennedy and Civil Rights
The March on Washington was organized by a coalition of … … and …
The March on Washington saw unprecedented black-white cooperation in support of … and … justice, but … still existed within the movement, limiting success.
Kennedy and Civil Rights
Kennedy failed to protect civil rights workers from … insisting that law enforcement was a ...
The events in Birmingham in 1963 forced Kennedy to take ...
Kennedy was … on November 22, 1963, in Dallas.

7. Civil Rights Lyndon Johnson's Presidency: The 1964 Election
Lyndon B. Johnson's opponent was Barry Goldwater, who was portrayed as …and ...
He was stigmatized by the Democrats as an … who would repeal Social Security and risk ...
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Immediately after becoming president, Lyndon Johnson … himself with the black movement more passionately than any ...
In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act.

8. Civil Rights Freedom Summer The Voting Rights Act
The 1964 law did not address a major concern of the civil rights movement- the … in the South.
Freedom Summer was a … drive in Mississippi.
Freedom Summer led directly to the campaign by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP).
The Voting Rights Act
In 1965, who? led a group in a march from Selma to Montgomery.
The federal government took action when there was violence against ....
1965 Voting Rights Act
Twenty-fourth Amendment

9. Johnson’s Domestic Policies
The Great Society
Johnson outlined the most sweeping proposal for government action to promote … since the New Deal.
Unlike the New Deal, however, the Great Society was a response to … not ...
The War on Poverty
The centerpiece of the Great Society was the crusade to ...
Michael Harrington's The Other America (1962)
In the 1960s, the administration attributed poverty to an absence of … and a lack of proper … and ...
The War on Poverty concentrated on equipping the poor with … and rebuilding their … and ...

10. Johnson’s Domestic Policies
Immigration Reform
The belief that racism should no longer serve as a basis of … spilled over into other realms.
Taken together, the civil rights revolution and immigration reform marked the triumph of a … of Americanism.
Freedom and Equality
Johnson's Great Society may not have achieved … but it represented a remarkable reaffirmation of the idea of ...
Coupled with the decade's high rate of … the War on Poverty succeeded in reducing the incidence of poverty from 22 percent to 13 percent of American families during the 1960s.

11. Movement for Equality
Despite the recent success of the Civil Rights movement, the plight of African Americans remained … as the economic and social inequalities that existed prior to the ‘60s continued.
This created tensions as many whites assumed that the civil rights legislation ensured … of ...
These issues erupted in … in ghettos outside the South, drawing attention to the scope of racial injustice and to inequalities in …, …, and … that persisted.

12. Movement for Equality The Ghetto Uprisings
The 1965 Watts uprising left 35 dead, 900 injured, and how much? in property damage.
By the summer of 1967, violence had become so widespread that some feared ...
Kerner Report
With black unemployment twice that of whites and average black family income little more than half the white norm, the movement looked for ways to “…" for black Americans.
Bill of Rights for the Disadvantaged
In 1966, King launched the Chicago Freedom Movement, with demands quite different from its predecessors ...

13. Movement for Equality Malcolm X The Rise of Black Power
Malcolm X had insisted that blacks must control the … and .. resources of their communities
After a trip to Mecca, Malcolm X began to speak of the possibility of … for radical change in the United States.
The Rise of Black Power
Black Power became a rallying cry for those bitter over:
federal government's failure to stop … against civil rights workers
white attempts to determine …
and continued economic problems in black ghettos.
The idea of Black Power reflected the radicalization of … and sparked an explosion of racial ...
Inspired by the idea of black self-determination, new militant groups sprang into existence.
Black Panther Party

14. The Vietnam War Origins of the Vietnam War
Following WWII, the French reoccupied Southeast Asia in an attempt to ...
… led the United States into deeper involvement in Vietnam.
US sent … French effort.
Eisenhower was reluctant to get … for fear of being bogged down in another land war in Asia.
A peace conference in Geneva divided Vietnam temporarily at the 17th parallel.
Elections were to be held in 1965, but the South’s leader, Diem, with US insistence refused to … as he most certainly would ...

15. The Vietnam War America and Vietnam Lyndon Johnson's War
Fear that the public would not forgive them for losing Vietnam made it impossible for Presidents Kennedy and Johnson to remove the United States from the area.
The US found itself committed to the … of Diem’s regime
Kennedy tried to influence the region through … and funneled …, …, and sent … to the region.
Lyndon Johnson's War
Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964, authorizing the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam.
Although Johnson campaigned in 1964 against sending U.S. troops to Vietnam, troops arrived in ....
By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam exceeded how many? and the conduct of the war had become …

16. The Vietnam War Old and New Lefts The Fading Consensus
What made the New Left new was its rejection of the … and … categories that had shaped radicalism for most of the ...
The New Left's greatest inspiration was the ...
The Fading Consensus
The years 1962 and 1963 witnessed the appearance of several path breaking books that challenged one or another aspect of the 1950s consensus.
More specifically, the younger generation of Americans began to challenge the … of American society, pushing for a more …

17. The Vietnam War The Fading Consensus The Antiwar Movement
The Port Huron Statement offered a new vision of ...
Freedom meant participatory ...
In 1964, events at the University of California at Berkeley revealed the possibility of a far broader mobilization of … in the name of ....
The Antiwar Movement
As casualties mounted and U.S. bombs poured down on North and South Vietnam, the Cold War foreign policy consensus began ...
Opposition to the war became the organizing theme that united all kinds of … and ...
The burden of fighting fell on the … and the ....
SDS began antiwar demonstrations in 1965.

19. 1968-A Year of Turmoil
The sixties reached their climax in 1968, a year when momentous events succeeded each other with such rapidity that the foundations of society seemed ...
Tet offensive
Lyndon Johnson withdrew ...
Martin Luther King Jr. was ...
Robert Kennedy was ...
Chicago Democratic National Convention

22. 1968-A Year of Turmoil The Global 1968 Nixon's Comeback
1968 was a year of ....
Massive … demonstrations took place.
Nixon's Comeback
The year's events opened the door for a ...
Richard Nixon campaigned as the champion of the ...
What is it?

23. Social Transformations of the 1960s
Women's Liberation
Many women in the … movement concluded that the treatment of women in society was not much better than society's treatment of ...
The same complaints arose in Student for a Democratic Society. (SDS)
By 1967, women throughout the country were establishing consciousness- raising groups to discuss the sources of ...
The … burst onto the national scene at the Miss America beauty pageant of
Bra burners
The law slowly began to address ...
1966 saw the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW)

24. Social Transformations of the 1960s
Personal Freedom
Women believed that "the personal is political," thus permanently changing Americans' ...
Radical feminists' first public campaign demanded the repeal of state laws that underscored women's lack of … by banning abortions or leaving it up to physicians to decide whether a pregnancy should be terminated.
Gay Liberation
Gay men and lesbians had long been stigmatized as … or … disordered.
The sixties transformed the gay movement.
Stonewall bar

25. Social Transformations of the 1960s
Latino Activism
The movement emphasized … in both the … past and the new Chicano culture that had arisen in the United States.
Cesar Chavez
Red Power
Truman and Eisenhower had sought a policy known as "termination," meant to … Native Americans into the American mainstream; but it was … by Kennedy.
Indian activists demanded not simply … aid but greater ...
American Indian Movement
Indians of All Nations
Red Power movement

26. Social Transformations of the 1960s
Silent Spring
The new … was more activist and youth-oriented and spoke the language of … citizens to participate in decisions that affected their lives.
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962) spurred the movement.
Environmentalism attracted the broadest … support of any of the new social movements, despite vigorous opposition from business groups that considered its proposals a violation of ...
April 22, 1970: Earth Day
Closely related to environmentalism was the … spearheaded by the lawyer Ralph Nader.

27. Social Transformations of the 1960s
The Rights Revolution
Under the guidance of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court vastly expanded the … enjoyed by all Americans.
In 1957, the Court moved to rein in the ...
The Court continued to guard … in the 1950s and 1960s.
In the 1960s, the Court continued to push toward ...
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
The Court simultaneously pushed forward the process of imposing on the states the obligation to respect the … outlined in the Bill of Rights.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Baker v. Carr (1962)

28. Social Transformations of the 1960s
The Right to Privacy
The Warren Court outlined entirely new rights in response to the rapidly changing contours of ...
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
The Legacy of the Sixties
The 1960s produced new rights and new understandings of ...