1. Early Empires of South Asia

2. Identifying Essential Information
Read pages
Using any note taking technique we have used in class
Identify
Leaders
Accomplishments
Decline
of the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire

3. Maurya Empire From 321-200 BC Chandragupta Maurya founded empire
Major Accomplishments
United Northern Plains – large empire
Government – tax collecting, trade, military
Architecture – buildings, palaces
Economy – irrigation, trade (international and domestic)
Religion – spread of Buddhism

5. Ashoka: 269B.C -232 B.C. Brought empire to height of its power
Buddhism and Ashoka
Ashoka Video 6:41
Crash Course 12:16 5:30 in or 9:34 Gupta

6. Ashoka
Ashoka Video

8. Ashoka: 269B.C -232 B.C.
Brought empire to height of its power + united
Military power
He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the mass deaths of the war of Kalinga
Around 100,000 Kalinga civilians and more than 10,000 of Ashoka’s own warriors died during this battle.
Tolerance
“All faiths deserve to be honored for one reason or another”
Promoted Buddhism
spread to missionaries to China and Southeast Asia = diffusion – built stupas

9. Asoka
Ashoka's Major Rock Edict at Junagadh contains inscriptions by Asoka
Asoka
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 269 BCE to 231 BCE.
These inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan and represent the first tangible evidence of Buddhism. The edicts describe in detail the first wide expansion of Buddhism through the sponsorship of one of the most powerful kings of Indian history.
Sanchi Gate and Stupa, built at time of Asoka

10. Ashoka’s Pillars
All the pillars were placed at Buddhist monasteries, many important sites from the life of the Buddha and places of pilgrimage

11. Ashoka's Major Rock Edict at Junagadh contains inscriptions by Ashoka
Asoka
The four animals in the Lion Capital are believed to symbolize different phases in Lord Buddha’s life.. National Emblem of India
Sanchi Gate and Stupa, built at time of Asoka

12. Decline After Ashoka’s death empire lasted 50 more years
Followed by 500 years of unrest with many invaders

13. Gupta Empire From 320-535 AD – Northern India Leader: Chandragupta I
Trade (land and Sea) = Peace and prosperity
Leader: Chandragupta I
Major Accomplishments
Government – well organized, tolerance, Hindu
Art & Architecture – buildings, palaces, paintings of daily life, literature
Mathematics – “0” (placeholder), size/shape earth, Arabic numerals (based on 10), astronomy (calculated solar year  — only three hours over the figure calculated by modern scientists.)
Trade – with Arabs = diffusion
Gupta Video 7:00

15. Decline Conquered by the Huns from Central Asia
The Huns were a nomadic group of people
1000 years of fighting among rival Indian princes

16. Muslim Expansion into India
File Folder Activity Document

17. Muslim Expansion into India
**Second significant migration to
South Asia

18. Expansion Starting in 600’s Muslim invaders to South Asia
Mongols, Turks, Afghans, Persians

19. Delhi Sultans Sultan -Muslim ruling monarch From 1200-1500
No forced conversion – special taxes (jizya) on non-Muslims
Major Accomplishments
Government – toleration, military, services (education, irrigation, hospitals)
Sultan Firuz Tughlak
Architecture – buildings, palaces
Economy – irrigation, trade with Middle East
Religion – Islam; cause of future conflicts

20. Mongol Invasion
1398 – Tamerlane –
Timur the Lame
Destroyed and left

21. Mongol Invasion Destroyed and left
Timur's army of 90,000 crossed the Indus River in September, and set upon India. The country had fallen to pieces after the death of Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq (r ) of the Delhi Sultanate, and by this time Bengal, Kashmir and the Deccan each had separate rulers.
Mongol invaders left carnage along their path; Delhi's army was destroyed in December, and the city ruined. Timur seized tons of treasure and 90 war elephants
“The lightning speed with which Tamerlane’s armies struck Delhi was prompted by their desire to escape the stench of rotting corpses they were leaving behind them.
Sultans back in power for short time but fragmented

22. Incompatibilities BETWEEN ISLAM AND HINDUISM
Polytheistic -worship many gods,
caste system
born into the religion- no idea of conversion
Diet
cow is sacred
Monotheistic - worship one God
all people are seen as equal under the eyes of God
dietary restrictions
proselytizers-seek to convert others
Creedal - statement of beliefs

23. Mughal Empire Crash Course Mughal 11:43
Also Mongol
Mughal = Persian word for Mongol
Last Muslim Empire in South Asia
1527 – 1800’s: at height united most of South Asia
Founded by Babur – Battle of Panipat – descendant of Timur

24. Akbar the Great

25. 9:00
Video Link

26. Akbar the Great – 1556-1605 Crash Course Mughal 11:43
Golden Age of Mughal Empire
Ruling innovations - compromise
religious toleration
Eliminated tax on non-Muslims
Hindus in government
Supported Hindu poets/artists
Cultural Blending
Architecture – Indian style
Urdu: language – Hindi and Persian

27. Akbar the Great –
Divine Faith: combination of several faiths – universal religion
Hope to end religious conflict
Died with Akbar
The Ibādat Khāna (House of Worship) gather spiritual leaders of different religions
No mass conversion to Islam

29. Shah Jahan

30. Taj Mahal “Crown of Palaces”
Shah Jahan – Akbar’s grandson
Agra – mausoleum to his wife Mumtaz Mahal
hal
Taj Video show

31. Shah Jahan 5:12

33. Taj Mahal
Year of Construction: Completed In: Time Taken: 22 years Built By: Shah Jahan Dedicated to: Mumtaz Mahal the wife of Shah Jahan Location: Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Building Type: Islamic tomb

34. Taj Mahal 4:00

36. Virtual Tour Virtual Tour Dome Cenotaphs Taj Video show Taj Video show
Taj Mahal Mosque
Virtual Tour
National Geographic Secrets of the Taj Mahal Whole Video
Start 1:37 – 5:25 add Shah Jahan to – 5:25 -
Then 28:00 – 38:00

37. Results of Mughal Diversity is the norm Cultural blending
Separation will be emphasized

38. Mughal Decline By 1700’s Wasteful spending Loss of tolerance
Tax on Hindus, closed Hindu schools, Hindus out of government
Aurangzeb (31 November 1618 – 3 March 1707) Crash Course Mughal 11:43
Aurangzeb
notable expansionist Aurangzeb's
Orthodox Islam
policies partly abandoned the legacy of tolerance - jizya
Rebellions and wars lead to decline of centralized control
Hindu princes revolted
Civil war among Muslim princes
All weakened empire = opened the door for Europeans
British East Indian Company

39. Identify similarities between the Empires
Maurya, Gupta, Mughal
Crash Course Mongols – 11:00