1. Dr May-Britt Ellingsen Dr Kristine Peters
Building Capability for Regional Collaboration: A success story from South Australia supported by Norwegian evidence
Dr May-Britt Ellingsen
Dr Kristine Peters

2. Regional Collaborations
Address regional challenges
Deliver savings
Provide opportunity
Are based on trust...

3. Trust to trusting, a leap of faith
The 'leap of faith' (that is, shifting from potential to actual trusting state) between potential partners is generated by tacit social contract based on a social platform of mutual understanding through precontractual, relational and structural trust elements (Ellingsen 2015)

4. Comparative regions Norwegian cluster programmes in Troms County:
Arena Bitotech North
Arena LønnsommeVinteropplevelser (tourism)
The local government Eastern Region Alliance in South Australia

5. Norwegian research
Grounded theory research with members of two cluster programmes
“a pattern that was called collaboration strategies emerged, which indicated that trust practice and attitude influenced not only cooperation and networking, but also risk taking, transfer of knowledge, innovation and development strategies”

6. Eastern Adelaide Strategic Plan development
Collaborative and iterative process
“Following Research was used because the outcome was unknown at the outset, and the results were interdependent with the level of participant learning: the greater the learning by participants, the more ambitious the resulting strategy.”

7. Trust – mutual understanding and dynamic trust bases
The ‘leap of faith’ requires suspension of doubt, to act as if perceived risk is solvable
Mutual understanding requires a social platform made up of:
pre-contractual
relational and
structural bases
With corresponding forms of trust

8. Precontractual
Habitual, taken-for-granted assumptions about common norms, and rules of action and interaction, in which social construction is rooted (Berger & Luckmann, 1991)

9. Relational
Founded on familiarity, personal relationships, reciprocity, and shared rules and norms (Giddens, 1993; Luhmann, 1979; Misztal, 1996)

10. Structural
Related to non-personal and generalised trust bases such as contracts and legislation (Zucker, 1986)

11. Cluster development and maintenance: Entrepreneurial characteristics
Dynamic: collaborator, innovator, growth
Developer: regional development aim
Steady: stability, control
Steady
Dynamic + Developer
Dynamic + Developer
Steady+ Dynamic + Developer
ERA
Steady+ Dynamic + Developer
Steady+ Dynamic + Developer
Norwegian clusters

12. Facilitating a cluster (reflecting on trust and temperament)
Overt discussion of the process of developing and sustaining trust
Awareness of members' entrepreneurship appetite
A balance between bridging and bonding social capital

13. Conclusion
The role of trust, typically implicit in regional development policy, needs to be more overt
Specific attention to the three aspects of trust:
structural (legislation and contractual),
precontractual (knowledge that tacit social promises are kept), and
relational (interpersonal experience)
is necessary to support the 'leap of faith' to establish a trust basis for effective collaboration

14. Implementation
Ellingsen's work on trust and organisation types within clusters, overlays Peters' conceptualisation of knowledge dissemination within a social capital framework...
“The message for regional innovation clusters is that membership that is self-identified and haphazard may not deliver the best results, whereas clusters with a structured approach to membership, balancing dynamic/bridging, developer/bonding, and steady/testing are most likely to be effective and enduring.”