1. Civil War and Reconstruction
SS8H6
b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War, Include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.
c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and the Ku Klux Klan.

3. The War Begins in 1861
In April of 1861, after attack on Ft. Sumter, four more states secede from the Union and the Confederate States of America, CSA is formed.

4. Lincoln tries to Preserve the Union
Even though he faces opposition, Lincoln focuses on the preservation of the United States (the Union)
He does not agree with slavery but does not want to push abolishing slavery (yet)
He takes volunteers and also begins using a draft to build up the army.
Both sides think if there is war, it will end quickly

5. The Confederacy vs. The Union
USA President – Abraham Lincoln
USA Vice President Hannibal Hamlin
CSA President-Jefferson Davis
CSA Vice President- Alexander Stephens (from GA)
The cabinet of the
Confederate States at
Montgomery,
1861 June 1 , Harpers
Weekly

6. Who was better equipped to win a war?
Resources of Each Side
North
South
23 states
22 million people
Trained army(small) and navy
22,000 miles of Railroad track
100,000 factories with 1.1 million workers
11 states
9 million people (but 4 million as slaves)
No standing army or navy
9,000 miles of Railroad track
20,000 factories with 100,000 workers
Who was better equipped to win a war?

7. Rating the North vs. the South

8. Resources: North & the South

10. War Strategies
Northern
Southern
Anaconda Plan with a blockade of Confederate ports including the Mississippi River (to prevent southern trade with foreign countries)
Capture the Confederate capitol of Richmond, VA
Destroy the Confederates on the battlefield
Ruin the land so Southerners would stop supporting the war
King Cotton Diplomacy- support from England and France who need cotton trade for their textile mills
Wear down the invading Union and weaken Northern support for the war
Sink Union ships and evade the port blockade to continue trading and keep the ports open
Win a strategic victory on Union Soil to convince Europe to intervene

12. Overview of Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan
Anaconda = snake

13. Typical Civil War Soldiers
Confederate
Union

14. Ulysses S. Grant – Northern Leader
Graduated West Point in 1843
Jumped at the chance to serve in Union Army
Spent much of the Civil War in the Western Campaign
Aggressor/Victor in the Battle of
Shiloh and Vicksburg
Accused of reckless taactics
Became the Commanding General of the United States Army from 1864 to 1865
Robert E. Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox
In 1868 elected the 18th President and served 2 terms
U.S. Grant gen. U.S.A

15. William T. Sherman - Northern Leader
Schooled in United States Military Academy at West Point 1840 (excelled academically, but had conduct issues!)
Felt that the U.S. Army was a dead-end, so resigned his commission
In California during the gold rush as a banker, settled in Kansas to practice law, then headmaster in Louisiana!
Was a conservative on slavery, he was a strong supporter of the Union
After the firing at Fort Sumter, joined military again but had few victories
1864, Sherman’s army attacked and destroyed the railroad center at Meridian, MS, part of Anaconda Plan
Total War strategy: "March to the Sea," ripping through Georgia with a 60-mile-wide path of total destruction to break the south physically and psychologically
William Tecumseh Sherman

16. Brady, Mathew B., ca. 1823-1896,photographer
General Robert E. Lee – Southern Leader
Graduated top in his class from
West Point in 1829 and served on its faculty
Spent 32 years in the U.S. Army
Asked by Lincoln to serve as
Commander of the Union Army but
declined this offer when his home
State of VA seceded
Became senior military advisor to
President Davis of the CSA
Later became the Commander of the
Confederate eastern army or “The
Army of Northern Virginia”
Held off Union troop from Virginia soil
Respected by his troops and considered
one of the best military minds of his
time
Surrendered to Grant at Appomattox
Court House on April 9, 1865
Brady, Mathew B., ca ,photographer

17. Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson
Graduated from West Point in 1846, and served in the U.S. Army
Corp commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia
Gifted and brilliant military strategist,
became part of the faculty of VA
Military Institute
Accidentally shot at the Battle of Chancellorsville and died eight days later of Pneumonia
His death was a severe setback for the Confederacy, affecting strategy and morale
Became an icon of Southern Heroism

18. WEAPONS
Rifle (muzzle loader) calls for a change in tactics, although most leaders are slow to grasp its impact and use Napoleonic tactics (shoulder to shoulder).
Rifled and smooth-bore artillery could be mass-produced. Ranges were well over a mile, though accuracy was not great at long ranges

19. Inventions/ Innovations In….
Telegraph
Ironclads
Aerial Reconnaissance
Gatling Gun
Railway
Canned food
Paper Money
Naval Mines and Torpedoes
Submarines
Trench Warfare

20. The Progress of War:

21. Battle Moves: Union Blockade
First strategy of Union plan
Blocked all Confederate ports from shipping out or receiving in
26 Union Ships to begin
Added over 75 more Ironclads
Confederate hired blockade runners
9 out of every 10 runner got through!
Over 650 blockade runners in 1861

22. Battle Moves: Battle of Bull Run, VA (1861)
Thinking an invasion of Richmond (Confederate capital) would bring a quick end to the war, the Union marches into VA with an army of volunteers
Union Congressmen gathered to “watch” like a sporting event
Jackson received his famous nickname “Stonewall” from this battle because he stood his ground like a stone wall
Confederate troops sent Union army into disarray
Anaconda Plan was formed

23. Battle Moves: Battle of Antietam, MD (1862)
September 17, 1862
One of few battles on Union soil
Lee wanted Maryland to join CSA so he attacked the North in Northern territory!
Bloodiest single day of fighting in all of US history (22,000+ men)
McClellan (Union) fails to destroy Lee's army but Lee had to retreat
No clear winner
Lincoln sees it as a positive event because Lee retreats back to VA so Lincoln issues his Emancipation Proclamation
Civil War Trust - Battle of Antietam

24. Emancipation Proclamation September 22, 1862
Executive Order from Lincoln that stated slaves of any state that did not return to the Union would be free
All slaves in rebellious states would be freed Jan. 1863
Did not apply to slave states that were in the Union!
Lincoln uses his power as “Commander-in-Chief” to make a move to free the slaves in the Confederate States
This now put Slavery, not preserving the Union, the primary reason for fighting the war
Discouraged the British and French governments from helping the Confederacy
Slaves started leaving their plantations – weakened the South
Biography: Emancipation Proclamation

25. Battle Moves: Gettysburg, PA (1863)
Second battle on Union soil by General Lee
Battle lasted three days, July 1-3, 1863
Deadliest battle of the war (50,000+ men)
During the first day of fighting, Confederates were very successful
On the second day, the Union held their ground
On the third day “Pickett’s Charge” (CSA Gen. Pickett) was defeated leaving Lee no other option but to retreat back to Virginia
Major turning point in the war due to heavy casualties, the Confederacy never regained enough men (Union had more men to draft)

26. Gettysburg Casualties
Lincoln’s famous “Gettysburg Address” was at the ceremony at the Gettysburg cemetery remembering those who died and offering reasons for the war.

27. Battle Moves: Chickamauga, GA (1863)
September 19–20, 1863
First major battle in Georgia – largest fought in GA
Second bloodiest battle(34,000+)
Union goal was to capture Chattanooga, TN for the railroads and move toward Atlanta
One of the most significant Union defeats
CSA Gen Bragg later went to secure Chattanooga and was defeated by US Gen Grant
Then Chattanooga became the Union launching point for Atlanta campaign
Federal camp by the
Tennessee River,

28. Battle Moves: Kennesaw Mtn. and the Atlanta Campaign (1864)
Battle of Kennesaw Mt. was the last Confederate victory before Atlanta falls
June 27, 1864
Blocked Sherman’s path to Atlanta with fortifications on Kennesaw Mtn.
The Union army eventually went around the Mtn. and headed toward Atlanta, an important railroad and supply center for the Confederacy
Major blow to the Southern forces
Atlanta Campaign was a series of smaller battles (4.5 months!)
September 2,1864, Atlanta falls to Union forces and this politically helps Lincoln get re-elected
Battle of Atlanta

29. Battle Moves: Sherman’s March to the Sea (1864)
After Sherman captured Atlanta he sent his troops through GA to Savannah, Nov.-Dec (5 weeks)
He operated without supply lines and took what he needed along the way, resulting in complete destruction of factories, industry, infrastructure, towns, buildings, and civilian property (Total War Strategy “Scorched Earth”)
Path was 300 miles long and 60 miles wide
Savannah surrendered without a fight
North gained all the stored cotton in Savannah ports

30. Sherman’s March through Georgia 1864

31. Andersonville, GA A Prisoner of War Camp
Andersonville was a Confederate POW camp that was overcrowded and extremely undersupplied which caused many to die.
Held 3x’s more prisoners than designed for
Because of contaminated water and disease 13,000 died (highest of all prisons)
Commanding Captain Wirz was tried and executed on war crimes although he tried to improve conditions
Story of Andersonville Prison

32. Casualties on Both Sides

33. Civil War Deaths in Comparison to Other Wars
Civil War in 4 minutes