1. Introduction to Computers

2. What is a computer?
An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data, manipulate the data according to specified rules, produce information from the processing, and store the results for future use.

3. A teacher demonstrates the jobs of a computer.

4. Inside a computer

5. What are the components of the computer?
Input devices
Central processing unit (CPU)
Output devices
Memory
Storage devices

6. Jobs of the Computer Accept Information Store Information
Process Information
Give back Processed Information

7. Parts of the Computer
Input
Memory
Central Processing Unit
Output

8. Information Processing Cycle—four general operations
Input
Processing
Output
Storage

9. Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Digital camera
Scanner
Microphone

10. Keyboards

11. Mouse Devices

12. Scanners

13. Microphones

14. The Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit is the part of the computer that does the processing.
It is called the “brain” of the computer, but does not function like a human brain.
It has two main parts.
(c) Kathy Walsh

15. Central Processing Unit
Made up of the control unit and arithmetic/logic unit
The brains of the CPU is the processor. There are different brands and speeds
Pentium made by Intel
Celeron made by Intel
Athlon made by AMD
Memory
RAM—also called Random Access Memory

16. Processors & Memory

17. Data Representation http://www.jimloy.com/math/billion.htm
Byte—one character of data
Kilobyte—one thousand bytes of data
Megabyte—one million bytes
Gigabyte—one billion bytes
Terabyte—one trillion bytes
Petabyte—one quadrillion bytes
Exabyte—one quintillion bytes
Zettabyte—one sextillion bytes
Yottabyte—one septillion bytes

18. Memory ROM RAM Read Only Memory Random Access Memory
Built in at the factory on a chip
Permanent
Cannot be changed by us
Ex. Cursor, simple math, how to read a disk
RAM
Random Access Memory
Stores information we enter, workplace
Temporary
Can be changed by us
Ex. Games, typing lessons, programs
(c) Kathy Walsh

19. Output Devices Printers Monitors Impact printers Nonimpact printers
Dot matrix printers
Nonimpact printers
Ink jet
Laser
Color
B & W
Monitors
CRT’S
LCD’S

20. STORAGE DEVICES Floppy Disks Hard Disks CD’s—Compact Discs DVD’s
3.5-inch disks store 1.44M of data
Must be formatted
Tracks
sectors
Hard Disks
Spins at 5,400 – 7,200 rpm (revolutions per minute)
Can store anywhere between 10G – 120Petabyte+ of data
CD’s—Compact Discs
Available in a variety of formats—CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW
A typical CD holds about 650 MB of data
DVD’s
Available as DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW
Can hold 4.7 GB of data
Zip Drives—high capacity floppy disk drive; has lost popularity
Zip disks can hold from 100 MB – 250 MB of data
USB Flash Drive
Storage capacity between 32 MB – 256 GB

21. STORAGE DEVICES

22. Software—Can be categorized into four types
System software
Application software
Educational software
Entertainment software

23. System Software Controls the operations of computer equipment
Operating System software tells the computer how to:
Load
Store
Execute
OS is loaded into memory when the computer is turned on
This process is called booting
Most OS’s use a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Provides visual cues such as icons
Each icon represents an application

24. Application Software
Programs that tell a computer how to produce information
Commonly used applications
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation
Financial
Taxing

25. Educational Software Software that can be used for learning purposes
Examples include:
Jump Start Series
Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing
Reader Rabbit
Encarta or World Book
Math Blaster
Rosetta Stone Spanish

26. Entertainment Software
Sports games
Madden NFL
MLB
The Sims
World of Warcraft
Rollercoaster Tycoon
Final Fantasy
Halo
Myst
Half Life
Barbie Fashion Show

27. The Central Processing Unit
has two distinct parts.
Control
Arithmetic/Logic
(c) Kathy Walsh

28. The job of the control is to direct information in the computer.
(c) Kathy Walsh

29. The control sends the information where it needs to go.
(c) Kathy Walsh

30. The Arithmetic/Logic has two jobs.
Logic=comparison
Arithmetic – add
So the Arithmetic/Logic adds and compares
(c) Kathy Walsh

31. How does it do other math?
Multiplication
3 X 4 =
Subtraction
7 – 2 =
It adds and compares until it gets to 7.
Then it adds up the ones.
Division
27 / 9 =
It adds and compares until it gets to 27
It simply adds and compares.
What about really large numbers?
(c) Kathy Walsh

32. What is the speed at which the computer works?
A nanosecond
– one billionth of a second.
(c) Kathy Walsh

33. Grace Hopper – Naval Commander
Gave a good explanation of how fast a nanosecond works.
(c) Kathy Walsh

34. Model T & Current Car Old Computers site http://www
(c) Kathy Walsh

35. Will computers ever work faster than they do now?
(c) Kathy Walsh

36. Can man travel the speed of sound?
Chuck Yeager was the first man to travel the speed of sound.
(c) Kathy Walsh

37. Can man travel the speed of light?
Albert Einstein’s theory states that if man ever travels the speed of light – he will travel through time.
(c) Kathy Walsh

38. Computer Bug
And, if you've ever used the expression "bug" to describe a computer malfunction or software problem, you've got Ms. Hopper to thank as well. In 1947, something went haywire in the Mark II computer system. Upon closer inspection, a dead moth was discovered in the wiring and removed. From that point on, Hooper said, when anything went wrong with the computer, everyone said "it has a bug in it.
(c) Kathy Walsh

39. On the test
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40. You will label this diagram.
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41. What are the two parts of the Central Processing Unit?
Control
Arithmetic/Logic
(c) Kathy Walsh

42. What is the job of each part?
The control directs information
The arithmetic/logic
Adds
Compares
(c) Kathy Walsh

43. What is the speed at which the computer works called?
a nanosecond
(c) Kathy Walsh

44. Chapter 6 test 1. Label the diagram 1._________ 2._________
3._________
4._________
5._________
6._________
7. What is the job of the control? To direct information
8 & 9. What are the jobs of the Arithmetic/Logic? Add and compare
10. The speed at which the computer works is called a nanosecond.
(c) Kathy Walsh

45. -Be familiar with information on all slides.
Know the different items to be stored on different types of storage device.
-Take a screen shot of your home computers hard drive memory and paste it into a word document.

46. Check our Computers Storage & Memory
Take a Screen Shot of the Following 2 items and Paste them into a Microsoft Word Document.
Click on Start, Right click on Computer, click on Properties. (This will give you computers RAM)
Click on My Computer, hover over Hard Drive (C). (This will give you the amount of storage on your computers Hard Drive)
(c) Kathy Walsh