1. Introduction to Information and Computer Technology
Rao Muhammad Umer Lecturer, Department Of Computer & IT, The University Of Lahore.

2. Discovering Computers 2009 Introduction to Information Systems
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO computers

3. Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Identify the various types of software
Define the term computer and identify its components
Describe the categories of computers
Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
Determine how the elements of an information system interact
Recognize the purpose of a network
Identify the various types of computer users
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Discuss computer applications in society
Recognize the difference between installing and running a program
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4. A World of Computers What is computer literacy?
Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
Computers are everywhere Very true !
p Fig. 1-1
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5. What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined?
An extremely fast electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory which processes data into useful information.
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and symbols
Processes data into information
Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results
p. 1.04
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6. What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? Input
Output
Storage
Communication
p Fig. 1-2
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7. The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
p. 7 Fig. 1-3
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8. The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
Hardware that
conveys information to one or more people
Which devices are
both input & output ?
(Modem, sound card)
p. 8 Fig. 1-3
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9. The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data
p. 8 Fig. 1-3
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10. Video: http://www.cnettv.com/9742-1_53-27806.html
Newer tech: Apple iPhone 3G (July 11,2008) Cost: $199.00
Video:

11. The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a microprocessor
ALU & Control Unit
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do
Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions
p. 1.06
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12. The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use (RAM vs Hard Disk Drive)
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
p. 1.06
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13. Much Older Storage Tech
What is a floppy diskette (1.44 MB)?
Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell
A Zip® disk looks similar but has much greater storage capability
p Fig. 1-4
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14. The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk (Capacity: 1 TB)?
Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, flash drive or Zip® disk (750 MB)
Housed inside the system unit
p Fig. 1-5
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15. The Components of a Computer
What is a USB or U3 flash drive? > 100 Gigabytes of storage
Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk
Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket. Sometimes called a “thumb drive”
p. 9 Fig. 1-5
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16. The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc? (CDs & DVDs)
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
CD-R, CD-RW
DVD-ROM
DVD+R, DVD-R
DVD+RW
DVD-RW
DVD-RAM
HD, Blu-Ray
Compact Disc Recordable, Rewritable
Digital Video Disc
Blu-Ray disc or BD is optical disc storage medium with capacity of 25 GB single layer 50GB double layer
p Fig. 1-6
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17. The Components of a Computer
What is miniature storage media?
Digital cameras
Portable, thin memory cards used in:
Handheld computers
p. 1.07
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18. Why Is a Computer Powerful?
What makes a computer powerful?
Storage
Reliability
Speed
Accuracy
Communications
p. 1.08
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19. Advantages & Disadvantages of Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Violation of Privacy
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment p
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20. Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected together
Communications Device
Communications Media
Cables
Satellites
Enables a connection between computers
Cellular radio
Telephone lines
One type is a modem
p. 1.08
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21. Networks and the Internet
What are the reasons to network?
To share
Resources
Hardware devices
Software programs
To save time and money
Data
Information
p. 1.08
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22. Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
Manages the resources on a network
A client accesses the resources on the server
p Fig. 1-7
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23. Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers. The world’s largest WAN
p Fig. 1-8
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24. Networks and the Internet
What is the Web?
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community
A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded
A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages
A blog consists of time- stamped articles in a journal format p
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25. Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
Communications
Information
Shopping
Banking and Investing
Classes
Entertainment
p Fig. 1-9
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26. Networks and the Internet
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages
You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community
p Fig. 1-10
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27. The World Wide Web

28. Computer Software How do you install a software program?
A program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do
Step 1. Insert the program disc into the CD-ROM drive
Step 2. Instruct the computer to run the program
Step 3. The program executes
p Fig. 1-12
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29. Computer Software (Windows is a GUI)
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons
Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information
p Fig. 1-13
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30. Computer Software (OS & Utilities)
What is system software?
Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices
Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
p. 1.13
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31. Computer Software (Applications Software)
What is application software?
Programs that perform specific tasks for users
Suite
Popular software applications bundled together as a single unit
Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation Graphics
Click to view Web Link,
then click Application Software below Chapter 1
p Fig. 1-14
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32. Microsoft Office 2007 Access 2007
Communicator 2007 (Communicate thru different time zones…)
Excel 2007
Groove (Collaboration software)
InfoPath 2007 (Deploy electronic forms solutions)
OneNote 2007 (Digital notebook…)
Outlook 2007
PowerPoint 2007
Project (Project management…)
Publisher 2007 (Desktop publishing…)
SharePoint Designer 2007 (Automate business processes…)
Visio (Flowcharting…)
Word 2007

33. Computer Software What is a programmer?
HTML/Javascript program
What is a programmer?
Someone who develops application or system software
Programmer writes instructions to direct computer to process data into information
Resulting Internet application
p Fig. 1-15
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34. Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers (desktop)
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
p. 19
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35. Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal computers?
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system
Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system Mac OS X Leopard
p Figs. 1-17–1-18
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36. Personal Computers What is a desktop computer?
Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table
p Fig. 1-19
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37. Personal Computers What is a notebook computer?
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop
Generally more expensive than a desktop computer
p Fig. 1-20
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38. Handheld Computers What is a tablet PC? Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
Especially useful for taking notes
p. 20 Fig. 1-21
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39. Handheld Computers What is a handheld computer?
Small enough to fit in your hand
Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people
p. 1.19
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40. Handheld Computers What are Web-enabled handheld computers?
Allow you to check and access the Internet
Web-enabled telephone is a “smart phone”
p Fig. 1-24
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41. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer?
Small enough to fit in one hand
Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people
p. 21
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42. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Provides personal organizer functions
Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad
Stylus is used as pointing device
(or finger)
p. 21 Fig. 1-20
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43. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones?
A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities
p. 22 Fig. 1-21
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44. Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer?
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product. Some new cars have up to 100 microprocessors on board.
( Raises the possibility of Car viruses ???)
p. 24 Fig. 1-26
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45. Servers, Mainframes, & Supercomputers
What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers; controls access to network resources.
Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
p and 1.21 Figs. 1-25–1-27
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46. Supercomputers (IBM, Cray)
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations; Can store
20,000 times more data than a PC
IBM Blue Gene/L
135.3 Teraflops (Trillion floating point operations / second
Very near future: 270 Teraflops
65,536 microprocessors
OS: Linux Weight: > 100 tons
p and 1.21 Figs. 1-25–1-27
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47. New IBM Supercomputer for 2011
New Supercomputer !
IBM’s new Blue Waters
will be able to perform
1,000 trillion calculations per second (that’s a quadrillion)
It would take a tower of laptop computers 1.5 miles high to match the power of this new supercomputer.
p and 1.21 Figs. 1-25–1-27
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48. Supercomputer Applications
A supercomputer is able to solve complex problems in
science, engineering, the environment, industry,
finance, and national security from the atomic to the
cosmic level.
It can model the activity of electrons in an atom, and
simulate the birth and death of the universe.

49. Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
People
Procedures
Data
Software
Hardware
Step 2. People use software to enter data into computer (hardware)
Step 1. People develop procedures for processing data
Step 3. Software processes data and directs hardware to store and or output information
p Fig. 1-28
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50. Examples of Computer Usage
What are five categories of computer users?
Home
Small Office/ Home Office (SOHO)
Mobile
Large Business
Power
p Fig. 1-29
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51. Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples of computer applications in society?
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry
p Figs. 1-42–1-49
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52. Summary of Introduction to Computers
The importance of computer literacy
Types of software
The computer and its components
Categories of computers
Why is a computer so powerful?
Elements of an information system
What is a network?
Types of computer users
The Internet and the World Wide Web
Computer applications in society
Installing and running a program
Chapter 1 Complete