1. Valuing inclusion The Economic Benefits of Improved Accessibility to Transport Systems: Roundtable Summary and Conclusions Builds on
Stuart Locke
Bridget Burnett

2. My country - Aotearoa

3. My river, my car

4. Water taxi and bar

5. Waikato River Trails

6. Waikato River Trails

7. River Trails are part of a shared pathway the length of New Zealand

8. The Value of Accessibility Report for the Road Controlling Authorities’ Forum Shared Footpaths Working Group. We are empiricists – we collect and use data

9. Research Process Research questions Method
How does usage of shared paths vary across locations and time of day?
How does the value placed upon usage of a shared pathway vary across all users?
Method
A physical count approach is used across several locations for different times of the days.
Data are collected at various times between 7am and 6pm on weekdays, and between 10am and 12pm on Saturdays, during July Surveyors counted all people using the paths, with separate columns for cyclists, pedestrians, and pedestrians using mobility aids (selecting from powered mobility scooter, manual and powered wheelchair, guide dog, white cane, and walking stick(s)/crutches, where applicable).

10. Step 2
A relatively small unbalanced online survey and focus group discussion, probing issues arising from the survey is undertaken. The initial survey instrument design consists of 15 questions, simple to complete and poses no threatening or sensitive questions. This enhances the robustness of the instrument which could then be cross checked with demographic data and the New Zealand Household Travel Survey.

11. Pivot chart for percentage of people of various age group who used footpath during different time periods

12. Pivot chart for the percentage of people who value public library strong yourself with various disabilities

13. Table 3 Spearman Rank Correlation Matrix

14. Table 4 Probit Regression Model
marginal probit
disability
D public bus SY
0.397**
0.562**
(2.37)
D public library SY
0.0155
0.0219
(0.09)
D Movie Theatres SY
-0.127
(-0.52)
D Going Café SY
0.167
0.237
(0.81)
D Walk footpath SY
-0.702**
-0.992**
(-2.28)
D public bus SS
-0.306
-0.433
(-0.97)
D public library SS
-0.287
-0.406
(-0.92)
D Movie Theatres SS
0.444**
0.629**
(1.98)
D Going to café SS
0.350
0.494
(1.26)
D Going to public footpath SS
-0.862*
-1.219*
(-1.79)
_cons
0.476
0.673
(1.01) N
366

15. Predominant reasons for using footpaths - Table 5.
Count of Footpath- Attend cultural events 1
Count of Footpath- go to health appointment 2
Count of Footpath- social service 3
Count of Footpath-Park, Swimming pool, library 4
Count of Footpath- Recreation 5
Count of Footpath- Visit friends or family 6
 Count of Footpath- go to Shop 7
Count of Footpath-go to school, work, study –  (as they use it most often) 8

16. Framework for quantifying the benefits of community transport Source: Deloitte Analysis for ECT Charity, Why Community Transport Matters (2016).

17. Additional Benefits from increased usage of footpath
What happens to benefits (bottom tight cell), if the usage alters upwards as shown in column 3 and estimated annual benefits per person from usage is as shown in column 6. If the incremental benefits for each class of user (column 6) differs or the usage pattern varies then the model will calculate a differing outcome.

18. Summary
The analysis so far indicates results consistent with theory. Footpaths provide private benefits and public benefits. They also provide spillover benefits to other citizens.
Private benefits include access and time saved. Public benefits include reduced congestion on road and buses. Spillover benefits include improved health and reduction in health costs.
Future analysis can make valuable use of survey data.
Simulation models can be constructed to estimate the benefits to individuals, communities and the nation from footpaths of specific types, configurations and standards.
A range of benefits from footpaths are identified.
Benefits include easier access to destinations; time saving; improved health; increased comfort; increased convenience; reduced stigma harms; reduced accident costs; increased participation in education, labour markets and civil society; increased access to support and social service agencies; increased life opportunities and perceptions of greater inclusiveness