1. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER IN CHEMISTRY
Chemistry teacher team of SMAN 1 Tarakan
Based on Prof. Effendy material

2. AFTER LEARNING THIS TOPIC, YOU MUST BE ABLE TO :
understand the classification of matter.
understand the difference of element, mixture and compound.
differentiate between physical and chemical properties of substances.
differentiate between physical and chemical changes of matter.

3. Classification of matter

4. Heterogeneous mixture:
A mixture with a composition that varies from point to point
Examples:
mayonnaise
chocolate chip cookies
concrete

5. Homogeneous mixture:
A mixture with a composition that doesn’t vary from point to point
Homogeneous mixture is also called solution
Examples:
Mixture of water and alcohol
Mixture of table salt and water
Mixture of sugar and water

6. Separation of mixtures
Mixture of iron and sulfur may be separated by using a magnet

7. Mixture of two liquids with different boiling points such as mixture of water and alcohol may be separated by distillation

8. Mixture of colored substances such as the components of a green ink may be separated by column chromatography

9. Mixture of two crystalline substances from a solution such as barium chromate, BaCrO4, and strontium chromate, SrCrO4, may be separated by fractional crystallization. Barium chromate is less soluble in water than strontium chromate. Barium chromate crystallizes before strontium chromate.

10. Most of substances in the world are compounds. What is compound
Most of substances in the world are compounds. What is compound? Compound is a pure substance that is formed when atoms of two or more different elements combine and create a new material with properties completely unlike those of its constituent elements.

11. Formation of a compound from its elements involves a chemical change, called chemical reaction

12. For example:
Sodium (a soft, silvery metal) combines with chlorine (a toxic, yellow-green gas) to give sodium chloride (salty table salt)

13. Hydrogen (colorless gas) combines with oxygen (colorless gas) to give water (colorless liquid).

14. In the compound, the elements no longer have the same properties they had before they were combined. The properties of H2O is different from the properties of H2 and O2.

15. A compound is written by giving its chemical formula, which lists the symbols of the individual constituent elements and indicates the number of atoms of each element with subscript.
Chemical formula
of compound
Constituent elements
H2O
HCl
H2SO4
NH3
Two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms
One hydrogen and one chlorine atoms
Two hydrogen, one sulfur, and four oxygen atoms
One nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms

16. The basic object of chemistry is elements. What is an element
The basic object of chemistry is elements. What is an element? An element is a fundamental substance that can’t be chemically changed or broken down into anything simpler.

17. How many presently known elements
How many presently known elements? 115 elements 90 natural elements 25 artificially elements produced using high energy accelerators

18. How do chemists represent an element?
By using one-, two-, or three-letter symbols of an element
Examples:
H for hydrogen
N for nitrogen
Al for aluminum
Mg for magnesium
Uun for ununnilium

19. The elements are tabulated in a table called periodic table as shown in Figure 1.1.

20. Properties can also be classified as either physical or chemical, depending on whether the property involves a change in the chemical makeup of substance Physical properties: Characteristics that do not involve a change in a sample’s chemical makeup

21. Examples of physical properties:
Melting point
Boiling point
Freezing point
Melting point of ice and boiling point of water are physical properties because melting and boiling cause the water to change only in form or phase, but do not in chemical makeup

22. Chemical properties: Characteristics that do involve a change in a sample’s chemical makeup Example: Rusting of iron Rusting of iron is a chemical property, because iron combines with oxygen and moisture from the air to give the new substance

23. Some Examples of Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical properties
Temperature
Color
Melting point
Electrical conductance
Amount
Odor
Solubility
Hardness
Rusting (of iron)
Combustion (of gasoline)
Tarnishing (of silver)
Hardening (of cement)
Decomposition (of sugar)