1. Classification of Matter

2. Classification of Matter
Matter – anything with mass and volume

3. Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another
Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun.

4. Condense
Freeze
Melt
Evaporate
Solid
Liquid
Gas

5. Chemical vs. Physical Change
Physical change – changes form, not composition
- all changes in phase are physical
Chemical change – change that produces a new substance(s) with different properties

7. Mixtures Made up of two substances together but not bonded
Heterogeneous- mixture is not the same from place to place.
Homogeneous- same composition throughout (also called solutions)

8. Mixtures Can Be Separated by Physical changes
Distillation
Filtration
Chromotography

9. Pure Substances Compounds – substance with a constant composition
- can be broken down into smaller elements be chemical processes
Elements – substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
- composed of smallest component of matter (Atoms)

10. Chemical Changes can be Identified by Observation
Change in color
Change in temperature
Formation of a gas
Release of light
Formation of a precipitate

11. Law of Conservation of Mass
In any chemical or physical change – matter (and its mass) is neither created nor destroyed

12. Law of Definite Composition
A given compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass
Example:
Water has a mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen of 1:8. What will the mass of oxygen be in a sample of water that contains 3g of hydrogen?

13. Law of Multiple Proportions
When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with 1g of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers