1. Do the following on your warm up1.

2. Read the following

3. 2.

4. 3.

5. 4.

6. I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
Chp. 7 L1 & L2
Copy I can Statement
-The Americas stretch north to south nearly 11,000 miles.
-This vast region begins north at the Arctic Circle.
- It reaches south to Tierra del Fuego.
-The four geographical areas of the Americas are North America, South America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

7. -A broad range of plants grows in the three areas.
-Central America is an isthmus , a narrow piece of land that connects two larger areas of land.
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
-North America lies north of the Equator and has climates that range from cold to tropical.
-Central America and the Caribbean islands are also north of the Equator.
-South America extends both north and south of the Equator. Most of these areas have a warm, rainy climate.
-A broad range of plants grows in the three areas.

8. 1. North and South America are joined by ____.
 A.a land bridge
 B.an isthmus
 C.high mountains
 D.a desert
2.The southernmost point of the Americas is ____.
 A.the Equator
 B.the Arctic
 C.the Pampas
 D.Tierra del Fuego
The four geographical areas of the Americas are North America, South America, Central America, and
A. the Arctic. C. the Caribbean. B. Argentina. D. Tierra del Fuego.

9. Mountain Ranges
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
The Andes are the world's longest mountain system. These mountains stretch along the Pacific coast of South America.
The Rocky Mountains and the Pacific coastal ranges are in western North America. 
In eastern North America, a range of mountains—the Appalachians—runs near the Atlantic coast. The Appalachians are lower than the Rockies and Pacific coastal ranges.

10. .It was difficult for early American people to cross the Appalachians.
 A.TRUE
 B.FALSE

11. Plains
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
The rolling grasslands of central North America are known as the Great Plains. The Great Plains have fertile soil for farming and raising cattle.
South America-In the northeast, the tropical Amazon Basin covers about 2.7 million square miles. It is home to the world's largest rain forest.
Lowland plains are located north and south of the Amazon Basin.
Tropical grasslands stretch across the northwest.
Pampas lies in the south. The mild climate of the Pampas makes them a good place for growing grains. Many ranchers herd cattle there as well.

12. Rivers
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
North America- largest river system is the Mississippi. It flows 2,350 miles, from present day Montana and Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi is the major waterway for the central part of North America.
The Amazon is South America's largest river system. It starts in the Andes and flows about 4,000 miles to the Atlantic Ocean. The Amazon carries the highest  volume of water of any river on Earth.

13. The first civilization of Mesoamerica
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
Olmec 1300 B.C.-
The first civilization of Mesoamerica
They were located in the hot and swampy lowlands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz.  
They had large cities that were centers for religious rituals.
They carved colossal stone heads
They may have been to represent
their ancestors or gods.
7.70 Compare the varied economies and trade networks within and among major indigenous cultures prior to contact with Europeans and their systems of government, religious beliefs, distinct territories, and customs and traditions.

14. Was the first major city in Mesoamerica
Teotihuacán
Was the first major city in Mesoamerica
Arose around 250 B.C. and collapsed about 800 A.D.
May have had as many as 200,000 inhabitants at its height.
Has a main thoroughfare, known as the Avenue of the Dead, had two main temples.
The Temple of the Sun and the Temple of the Moon.
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.

15.
Take Notes in graphic organizer
Where did the Olmec establish their civilization? A. Gulf of Mexico coast B. present-day Peru C. south central Mexico D. Yucatán Peninsula

16. • Located in the Mexican and Central American rain forest
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
Mayan civilization
• Located in the Mexican and Central American
rain forest
• Represented by Chichén Itzá
• Group of city-states ruled by a king
• Economy based on agriculture and trade
• Polytheistic religion—Pyramids

17. Copy I can statement onto your notes
7.65 I can describe the highly structured social and political system of the Maya civilization, ruled by kings and consisting of agriculturally intensive centers around independent city-states
Yucatán Peninsula
-Maya were found in the Yucatan Peninsula and Part of Guatemala
Maya: Between 300 and 900 A.D.
-Flourished during this time. We do not know why it fell into decline. The Maya abandoned their cities, we do not know why.
Political and Social Structure
Cities-Were built around a central pyramid
Pyramid-Was topped with a shrine to the gods.
City-States-Each governed by a hereditary ruling class

18. -Ruled the Mayan Kingdom They claimed they were divine
Mayan Kings
-Ruled the Mayan Kingdom
They claimed they were divine
Were assisted by nobles and a class of scribes
Made special blood sacrifices to maintain the kingdom.
People
-Included townspeople, skilled artisans, officials, and merchants.
Many people were peasant farmers who worked on terraced hillsides farming.
Men did the fighting and hunting, women made cornmeal and were responsible for homemaking and raising children.
7.65 I can describe the highly structured social and political system of the Maya civilization, ruled by kings and consisting of agriculturally intensive centers around independent city-states

19. Religion The Maya were Polytheistic.
They believed that all of life was in the hands of a divine power.
They were responsible for pleasing the gods.
Their gods were ranked in order of importance, the Jaguar was the god of night and was seen as evil.
The Maya practiced human sacrifice to appease their gods.
Human sacrifice was also used to mark special occasions.
When a king ascended to the throne war captives were tortured and beheaded to mark the occasion.
Copy I can onto your notes
7.70 I can compare the varied economies and trade networks within and among major indigenous cultures prior to contact with Europeans and their systems of government, religious beliefs, distinct territories, and customs and traditions.

20. Copy I can onto your notes
Accomplishments
Language
The Maya developed an independent Hieroglyphic language.
The Spanish destroyed most of the Mayan writings. They were not seen as having any value. Their language was not translated until the 20th century.
Copy I can onto your notes
7.69 I can use textual evidence to support the analysis of the impacts of the Mesoamerican developments in astronomy and mathematics, including the calendar, and the Mesoamerican knowledge of seasonal changes to the civilizations’ agricultural systems.

21. The Maya developed a calendar that had two different parts.
It had a solar calendar with 365 days, divided into 18 months with 20 days each with 5 extra days at the end.
A Lunar calendar and a Calendar based on the movement of the Planet Venus. This was a sacred calendar with 260 days and 13 weeks of 20 days each.
The Mayan calendar says our present world was created in 3114 B.C. and the current world will end on December A.D.
7.69 I can use textual evidence to support the analysis of the impacts of the Mesoamerican developments in astronomy and mathematics, including the calendar, and the Mesoamerican knowledge of seasonal changes to the civilizations’ agricultural systems.

22. The Maya established their civilization in the rain forests of the Yucatán Peninsula.
 A.TRUE
 B.FALSE
Maya ____________________ were connected by culture, political ties, and trade.
The Maya
A. had no major cities. B. invented the wheel. C. lived in South America. D. used the concept of zero

23. Tikal

24. Chichén Itzá

26. Copy I can onto your notes
Aztec civilization
• Located in arid valley in central Mexico
• Represented by Tenochtitlan
• Ruled by an emperor
• Economy based on agriculture and tribute from conquered peoples
• Polytheistic religion with pyramids/rituals
I can identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas, and explain the impact of the geographical features and climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America on their civilizations.
Copy I can onto your notes
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

27. The Aztec began c. 12th century A.D.
Began a long migration that brought them into the Valley of Mexico.
They established their capital city at Tenochtitlán.
Tenochtitlán
An Aztec legend said that when the people found their new home they would see an eagle perched on a cactus holding a snake. They saw this in lake Texcoco.
Their city was built up on rafts made from reeds and covered with dirt. They were called chinampas. Present-Day Mexico-City is built on top of this city. The original was destroyed by the Spanish.
Lake Texcoco-Swampy lake that was the home of the capital city. Tenochtitlán means the Place of the Prickly Pear Cactus.
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery. *

29. Political and Social Structure
By 1500 there were about 4 million people in the Aztec Empire.
Aztec Emperor
Ruled over the Aztec Empire.
Was the supreme leader of the people.
He claimed that he was divine.
People
Made up of commoners, indentured workers, and slaves.
Most people were farmers, but they also traded with people in the surrounding areas.
Men were to be the warriors, while a woman’s role was to be in the home. Women were allowed to own and inherit property and enter contracts. Women wove textiles and raised children. They could also be priestesses.
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

30. Had a polytheistic religion based on warfare. Huitzilopochtli
Their chief god. He was the god of the sun. The Aztec
offered him human sacrifice to give him strength to battle the forces of darkness each night so that he could rise each morning.
Quetzalcoatl
The feathered Serpent
He believed he had left the valley of
Mexico and promised to return in triumph.
Human Sacrifice
Each Aztec city contained a pyramid where they
practiced human sacrifice as a way to postpone
the end of the world.
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

31. Destruction of the Aztec The subjugation of the people of the Aztec
Empire bred hatred and discontent among the
people. When the Spanish arrived they did
not have a difficult time finding allies to fight
the Aztec.
Hernán Cortés 1519
Spanish Conquistador who came to the valley of Mexico in 1519 with 550 soldiers and 16 horses. He was at first greeted by the Aztec Emperor Montezuma (Moctezuma). The Spanish later kidnapped the Emperor and made him a puppet. The people rebelled and the Emperor was killed. The Spanish barely escaped.
The Spanish returned several months later. Many of the natives had fallen ill with Smallpox. Cortés and his allies destroyed the Aztec capital and subjugated the Aztec people.
Copy down I can
7.66 I can create a graphic organizer or concept map explaining how and where each empire arose (how the Aztec and Incan empires were eventually defeated by the Spanish in the 16th century

33. Unified the Inca and established the Inca Empire.
Incan civilization
• Located in the Andes Mountains of South America
• Represented by Machu Picchu
• Ruled by an emperor
• Economy based on high-altitude agriculture
• Polytheistic religion
• Road system
Start at 36:00 and take notes in graphic organizer
Late 1300's Inca
The Inca started as a small group that were located in Cuzco. They did not begin to become powerful until after the fall of the Moche of Peru.
Pachacuti
Unified the Inca and established the Inca Empire.
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

34. The capital of the Inca Empire was ____.
 A.Cahokia
 B.Teotihuacán
 C.Cuzco
 D.Tollan
The Inca leader Pachacuti A. developed a written language. B. built a huge ancient empire. C. headed a disorganized empire. D. died as a young man.

35. Organization of the Empire Incan state was built on war.
7.70 I can compare the varied economies and trade networks within and among major indigenous cultures prior to contact with Europeans and their systems of government, religious beliefs, distinct territories, and customs and traditions.
Organization of the Empire
Incan state was built on war.
The conquered peoples were all taught the same language.
Each region was appointed a governor who answered to the Emperor.
Road System: 24, 800 miles of Road
The Inca built roads to unify their people. Roads made travel and communication throughout the empire more efficient.
There were rest houses and storage depots along with bridges to span ravines and waterways.
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

36. Were required to marry from within their own social group.
Culture
Were required to marry from within their own social group.
Women were expected to live at home, the only alternative was to be a priestess.
Most people were farmers, they also herded llamas and alpacas.
Quipu-A system of knotted strings used by the Inca to keep records.
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

37. City built at 8,000 ft above sea level.
Great Builders
They had great buildings made of stone held without mortar. Their roads also show their ability as great builders.
Machu Picchu
City built at 8,000 ft above sea level.
Urubamba River
River below Machu Picchu
7.67 I can explain the roles of peoples in the Aztec and Incan societies, including class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery.

39. Spanish Conquistador led a band of 180 men with superior weapons.
Defeat
The Spanish arrived in 1531
1531: Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Conquistador led a band of 180 men with
superior weapons.
The Inca, like the Aztec, were devastated by disease.
Smallpox
Devastated the Population
Civil War
After the death of the Inca Emperor a civil war broke out, Pizarro took advantage and defeated the people.
Pizarro and his men established Lima as the new capital of the Spanish Colony in 1535.
7.66 I can create a graphic organizer or concept map explaining how and where each empire arose (how the Aztec and Incan empires were eventually defeated by the Spanish in the 16th century

40. Copy the highlighted portion into your notes-
The people of the Eastern Woodlands formed complex societies with different kinds of governments. One plan was formed in the 1500s to end fighting among five groups. The Iroquois Confederacy created the first constitution, or plan of government, in what is now the United States.

41. Exit
Identify the locations of the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztec, and Incas.
Explain how the Aztec and Incan empires were eventually defeated by the Spanish in the 16th century.