1. OLED
Screen Technology

2. C O N T E F P R S A I
PAST OF OLED APPLICATION
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF OLED
USED THE MATERIALS
PRODUCTION PROCESS OF OLED
TYPES OF OLED
OTHER DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
FUTURE OF OLED APPLICATIONS

4. CRT TO OLED

7. Substrate: (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.
Conducting layer: This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.
Emissive layer: This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is where light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene.
Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) - The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

8. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes the charges start moving in the device under the influence of the electric field.
Electrons leave the cathode and holes move from the anode in opposite direction.
The recombination of this charges leads to the creation of a photon with a frequency given by the energy gap (E = hν) between the LUMO and HOMO levels of the emitting molecules.
Therefore, the electrical power applied to the electrodes is transformed into light.

9. Charge Transport And Light Generation in OLED's

10. ANIMATION OF MAKING PHOTON

11. Active-matrix OLED (AMOLED)
AMOLEDs have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode, but the anode layer overlays a thin film transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix. The TFT array itself is the circuitry that determines which pixels get turned on to form an image.

13. OLEDs Rely on Organic Materilas

14. Used Materials

15. Example of Used Materials

18. Shortly Polymers Structure of OLED

19. Shortly Small Molecules Structure of OLED

20. According to the Chemical Structure of Color Diffraction

21. According to Cemical Structure of Color Diffraction

22. Shortly Image Formation
Displaying is occured with pixels. Pixels are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Each pixel stores color information for your image. It will usually store it in either 3 components, known as RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
Pattern of R,G,B Emitting Subpixels

23. Secret of White Color
Exciting work of Prof. Kido
1990 Tb(acac)3 green light(545 nm)
1991 Eu(TTA)3 red light(615 nm)
1995 TPD blue light( nm)

26. Preparation of Substrate Deposition of Multi-layer Structure
STAGES
Preparation of Substrate
Deposition of Multi-layer Structure
Encapsulation
Final Device-Measure

27. 1) Preparation of Substrate
i) Patterning in ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)

28. ii) Cleaning of The Substrate
Sonicate in 10% NaOH solution
Rinse thoroughly in water
Sonicate in fresh 10% NaOH solution
Store immersed in water until required
N2 blow dry

29. iii) Spinning on PEDOT:PSS or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate)

30. 2) Deposition of Multi-layer Structure
i) Deposition of Alq3 (Tris-(8-hydroxy-quinoline) aluminum) (Deposit Electron Transport Layer)

31. Vacuum deposition or vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)
The biggest part of manufacturing OLEDs is applying the organic layers to the substrate.
Vacuum deposition or vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)
Organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD)
Inkjet printing
Spin - Coating

34. ii) Deposition of LiF/Al (Deposit Cathode)

35. 3) Encapsulation

36. 4) Final Device-Measure

38. (Passive Matrix OLED))
AMOLED
(Active-matrix OLED)
PMOLED
(Passive Matrix OLED))
Transparent OLEDs
Top-emitting OLED
OLED
Foldable OLED
White OLED
Flexible Oled

39. The organic layer is between cathode & anode run perpendicular.
The intersections form the pixels.

40. Easy to make.
Use more power.
Best for small screens.

41. PATENTS PMOLED display Inventors : 闫晓剑 Applicant : 四川虹视显示技术有限公司
The Date of file acceptance :
Release Date :

43. Full layers of cathode and anode.
Anode over lays a thin film transistor (TFT).
Requires less power.
Higher refresh rates.
Suitable for large screens

44. AMOLEDs have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode, but the anode layer overlays a thin film transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix.

45. PATENTS Amoled display card
Inventors : Jeong-Hee Cho, Kyeong-Il Jeong, Do-Keun Kim, Dong-Tark Lee
Applicant : Kookmin Bank Co., Ltd.
The Date of file acceptance :
Release Date :

48. HUD

50. PATENTS Transparent oled device
Inventors : Herbert Lifka, Cristina Tanase, Coen A. Verschuren
Applicant : Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
The Date of file acceptance :
Release Date :

51. Top-emitting OLEDs have a substrate that is either opaque or reflective. They are best suited to active-matrix design. Manufacturers may use top-emitting OLED displays in smart cards.

52. PATENTS Encapsulation of top-emitting OLED panels
Inventors : Christophe Fery, Gunther Haas
Applicant : Thomson Licensing
The Date of file acceptance :
Release Date :

53. White OLEDs emit white light that is brighter, more uniform and more energy efficient than that emitted by fluorescent lights.
White OLEDs also have the true-color qualities of incandescent lighting.

56. PATENTS
Stacked White OLED Having Separate Red, Green and Blue Sub-elements
Inventors : M·斯卢特斯凯, S·福里斯特, 亓向飞
Applicant : 密执安州立大学董事会
The Date of File Acceptance :
Release Date :

57. Foldable OLEDs have substrates made of very flexible metallic foils or plastics. Foldable OLEDs are very lightweight and durable.

59. PATENTS Oled Foldable Display Structures Inventors : James W. KANG
Applicant : James W. KANG
The Date of File Acceptance :
Release Date :

60. How is flexible OLED different from OLED??

62. Thickness
As the thickness of the glass decreases it becomes more flexible.
Polymer has less stiffness even though if the thickness of it is high comparatively.

63. Thermal & Dimensional Stability
Glass exhibits same Stress & Strain at 250C and 1500C when compared with PEN & Polymide.
At higher temperatures Glass does not change it shape or size but Plastic has distortions.

64. Device Performance Optimization

65. Ultra-good barrier needed
Very low permeation rate in flexible OLED: g/m2/day of WVTR to 10-3 cm3/m2/day of OTR
Increase Lifespan by 10,000 hours
Barriers in production: glass or metal flip
Barriers in OLED is 1 million times stronger than typical package of a potato chips!

66. Flexible Electrode Material

67. PATENTS Flexible Oled Card Inventors : Claudio CRINITI
Applicant : Claudio CRINITI
The Date of File Acceptance :
Release Date :
Oled With Flexible Cover Layer
Inventors : Petrus CORNELIS, Paulus BOUTEN
Applicant : Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
The Date of File Acceptance :
Release Date :

71. CRT

72. CRT

73. PLASMA

74. PLASMA

75. LCD

76. LCD

77. LCD

78. LED

79. LED

80. LED

82. OLED technology is finding its niche in a variety of applications because it is able to provide a number of advantages:
Flexible:   It is possible to make OLED displays flexible by using the right materials and processes.
Very thin:   OLED displays can be made very thin, making them very attractive for televisions and computer monitor applications.
Colour capability:   It is possible to fabricate OLED displays that can generate all colours.
Power consumption:   The power consumed by an OLED display is generally less than that of an LCD when including the backlight required. This is only true for backgrounds that are dark, or partially dark.
Bright images:   OLED displays can provide a higher contrast ratio than that obtainable with an LCD.
Wide viewing angle:   With many displays, the colour becomes disported and the image less saturated as the viewing angle increases. Colours displayed by OLEDs appear correct, even up to viewing angles approaching 90°.

83. Fast response time:   As LCDs depend upon charges being held in the individual pixels, they can have a slow response time. OLEDs are very much faster. A typical OLED can have a response time of less than 0.01ms.
Low cost in the future:   OLED fabrication are likely to be able to utilise techniques that will enable very low cost displays to be made, although these techniques are still in development. Current costs are high. [18][2]
OLED displays do have their disadvantages:
Moisture sensitive:   Some types of OLED can be sensitive to moisture.
Limited life:   The lifetime of some displays can be short as a result of the high sensitivity to moisture. This has been a limiting factor in the past.
Power consumption:   Power consumption can be higher than an equivalent LCD when white backgrounds are being viewed as the OLED needs to generate the light for this which will consume more power. For images with a darker background power consumption is generally less.
UV sensitivity:   OLED displays can be damaged by prolonged exposure to UV light. To avoid this a UV blocking filter is often installed over the main display, but this increases the cost.[2]

84. Lifespan: The lifespan of the OLED displays is a major problem
Lifespan:   The lifespan of the OLED displays is a major problem. Currently they are around half that of an LCD, being around hours.
The blue OLEDs life is too short. Colors are as in the figure, the lifetime of OLEDs ; [18][2]
Current performance of new phosphorescent materials

87. CONCLUSION

88. THANKS FOR LISTENING