1. PERSONALITY

2. “Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual REACTS;
DEFINITION
“Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual REACTS;
and INTERACTS with others.”
Combines of a set of physical and mental characteristics that reflect how a person looks, thinks, acts and feels.
Predictable relationships are expected between people’s personalities and their behaviors.

3. Type theory Physical structure
Psychological factors- Introverts & Extroverts

4. Physical structure
This theory is based on body shape relating to personalitySheidon
Ectomorph (tall, slim figure): Self-conscious; tense; private; introverted
Endomorph (short, rounded figure): tolerant; sociable; relaxed
Mesomorph (muscular, athletic figure): extroverted, risk taker, assertive
/ Reshmi Pillai/OB

5. Psychoanalytic Theory
Structure of the personality comprising of the id, ego, superego.
Personality dynamics in which conscious and unconscious motivation and ego-defense mechanisms play an important role.
Theory of psychosexual development in which different motives and bodily regions influence the child at different stages of growth.

6. Psychoanalytic Theory…..Id
Functions on ‘pleasure principle’
Immediate gratification of needs to reduce tension & discomfort regardless of consequences
Ego
Functions on ‘reality principle’
Serves to balance the demands the Id and the Superego
Assesses what is realistically possible in satisfying the Id and/or Superego (i.e., what society will deem acceptable)
Superego
Functions on ‘idealistic principle’
Our moral guide/conscience
Influenced by internalizing our parents’ values & the voice of society
Works against the Id by inflicting guilt
ID: I WANT IT AND I WANT IT NOW!!!!
SUPEREGO: The restraint. Two components – both our conscience as well as our ideal of who we ideally want to be.

7. Trait Theories
According to this theory, personality is made up of a number of broad traits.
A trait is basically a relatively stable characteristic that causes an individual to behave in certain ways
Some of the best known trait theories are as follows,

8. Personality Traits
Models
Model 1 - MBTI
Model 2 - Big Five

9. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Type of Social
Interaction
Extrovert (E)
Introvert (I)
Preference for
Collecting ,(Gathering) Data
Sensing (S)
Intuitive (N)
Preference for
Decision Making ,Evaluation
Feeling (F)
Thinking (T)
Perceptive (P)
Style of Decision Making
- Prefer order & relationship with outer world
Judgmental (J)

10. E I Extraversion Introversion Interest Orientation Talkative,
Sociable,
Friendly,
Outspoken
Shy,
Reserved,
Quite,
Reflects person’s Comfort level with relationships

11. Non systematically -subjective
Collecting Information
Sensing
Intuition
Perception N
Organised,
Practical,
Focus Detail.
Systematically
Less Regular,
Unconscious,
Focus Big Picture
Non systematically -subjective

12. T F Thinking Feeling Judgment
Reliability of logical order – cause and effect,
Objectively weigh
Priorities based on personal importance and values, Sympathy

13. J P Judgment Perception Environment Orientation
Judging attitude Decision making– Control of events and systematic planning
Spontaneity – Curious, awaiting events and adapting to them, Flexible

14. “Take Your Time and Do It Right” ISFJ “On My Honor, to Do My Duty…”
ISTJ
“Take Your Time and Do It Right”
ISFJ
“On My Honor, to Do My Duty…”
INFJ
“Catalyst for Positive Change”
INTJ
“Competence + Independence = Perfection”
ISTP
“Doing the Best I Can With What I’ve Got”
ISFP
“It’s the Thought That Counts”
INFP
“Still Waters Run Deep”
INTP
“Ingenious Problem Solvers”
ESTP
“Let’s Get Busy!”
ESFP
“Don’t Worry, Be Happy”
ENFP
“Anything’s Possible”
ENTP
“Life’s Entrepreneurs”
ESTJ
“Taking Care of Business”
ESFJ
“What Can I Do For You?”
ENFJ
“The Public Relations Specialist”
ENTJ
“Everything’s Fine – I’m in Charge”

15. Big Five Model 1 3 2 5 4 Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness
Emotional stability
Openness to Experience

16. Openness to Experience
Extraversion
The Big Five Personality Model
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to Experience

17. Extraversion
Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive

18. Agreeableness Trusting, good natured, cooperative, soft hearted
Refers to Persons ability to get along with others
High- trusting others
Low- more on their own needs

19. Conscientiousness
Dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent
Refers to the number of goals that a person focuses on.
High- few goals at a time ,
Careful,systematic, self disciplined, achievement oriented
Low- higher number of goals at a time-
careless irresponsible less self disciplined

20. Openness to experience
Intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad minded
----Addresses ones range of interests
---Extremely open-innovation-willingness to listen to new and change
---Low- less receptive to new and less willingness to change,
Less curious and creative

21. Emotional stability Relaxed, secure, unworried
Focuses on an individuals ability to cope with stress
---+ve- tends to be calm, enthusiastic
_ve -tends to be nervous, depressed and insecure

22. Humanist Theories
Humanist theories emphasize the importance of free will
and individual experience in the development of personality.
Humanist theorists emphasized the concept of
self-actualization, which is an innate need for personal growth that motivates behavior.
Humanist theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

23. Major Personality Attributes
Influencing OB
As per 11th Edition

24. Proactive Personality
Locus
of Control
Self-Esteem
Other Key
Personality
Attributes
Machiavellian
Personality
Self
Monitoring
Risk
Propensity
Type A
Personality
Proactive Personality

25. Locus of Control
Internal locus of control: belief that one controls key events and consequences in one’s life.
External locus of control: One’s life outcomes attributed to environmental factors such as luck or fate.

26. Relationship Between LOC & some other factors
Job Satisfaction
LOC
Absenteeism
Turnover

27. Depends on their luck or chance
FACTORS
INTERNALS
EXTERNALS
Job Satisfaction
Satisfied
More dissatisfied
Absenteeism
Less absenteeism
Depends on their luck or chance
Turnover
No clear relationship
As per 11th Edition

28. -----To manipulate people
Machiavellianism
-----To manipulate people
HIGH MACS are:
Maintains emotional distance
power tactics
Manipulate more
Win more
Persuaded less
Persuade others more
As 11th per Edition

29. Self Esteem The degree to which a person likes or dislikes himself
It is directly related to expectations for success
2 TYPES:
High Self Esteem
They believe that they possess the ability they need to succeed at work
Will take more risks in job selection
And more likely to choose unconventional jobs than people with low self esteem
They will not be susceptible to the external influences
They are more satisfied with their job
Low Self Esteem:
They seek appreciation from others
Seek approval from others and try to conform to the beliefs and behaviors of those they respect
They try to please others and therefore they would not take unpopular stands than high Self Esteemed employees

30. Self-Monitoring
Ability to adjust one’s behavior to external situational factors
Capable of presenting striking contradictions between their public persona & private self
Tend to pay closer behavior of others & more capable of conforming than low self monitoring
Capable of putting different “faces” for different audiences

31. Willingness To Take Risk
Quick Decision making
Specific to jobs (stocks) (accounts)

32. Type A Personality(negative) Type B Personality (positive)
Of the A personality type, these are the folks that are always in a hurry, impatient to see results and come across as aggressive in their interpersonal relationships .Type A’s are very competitive and show it at work in their levels of tension and agitation.
They always move,talk and eat.Impatience,can not cope with leisure.
Type B Personality (positive)
Of the B personality type, the Type B’s live in the moment and don’t mind waiting for just the right time to take action. They are friendly types who believe that the world is both good and bad, but that there are more good people than bad in it. They tend to be their own biggest competitors, thinking “I can do better than this”.
. Being intuitive, spontaneous and patient, they are open to criticism, and when angry they tend to use humor.