1. Natural resources
Fishing

2. Fishing Canada’s oldest industry
We have the longest coastline in the world
We have more lakes than the rest of the world combined (60% of all lakes are in Canada)
80% of catch is exported to 80 countries ($4.7 billion 2002)
11.5 ft long sturgeon, 880 lbs. Caught in the Fraser River.

3. 3 Categories of Fish Groundfish
Category
Description
Examples
Groundfish
Feed and are caught near the ocean floor
Cod, halibut, haddock
Pelagic fish
Feed and are caught near the surface
Salmon, tuna, herring
Shell fish
Animals without backbones & had protective shells
Lobster, shrimp, oysters, scallops

4. Definitions
Fishery: a place where fish are caught for commercial purposes
Inshore Fishery: commercial fishing done close to shore in small, independently owned boats
Offshore Fishery: commercial fishing done farther from shore in larger company-owned boats

5. Trawling One of the most common methods of fishing in the world.
It involves towing one or more trawl nets behind a boat or in between two boats.
Nets differ by their mesh size.

6. Longlines Set horizontally on the ocean floor or set near the surface
Tens of kilometres long and carry thousands of hooks.
Baited hooks are attached to the longline by short lines called snoods that hang off the mainline.

7. Problem with trawling and longlines
Bycatch : catching the wrong thing in your nets
Hundreds of thousands of sea turtles caught by accident every year
Over 300,000 small whales, dolphins, and porpoises dying each year from entanglement in fishing gears
Millions of sharks are caught every year

8. Dredging
Towed dredges are used to collect shellfish such as scallops from the sea floor.
The dredge is towed along the bottom until it is full, then lifted onto the boat and the contents tipped out.

9. Problem with dredging
They are incredibly damaging to the seabed,. They destroy whole ecosystems and coral reefs
This is a picture of a reef that has been badly damaged by scallop dredgers

10. Value of Our Fisheries, 2012 Pacific Inland Atlantic Total (Canada)
Number of registered fishing vessels 2
2,551
100
16,189
18,840
Total volume of landings (metric tonnes)
129,519
29,326
673,923
832,768
Total value of landings ($'000)
213,123
67,340
1,907,514
2,187,977

11. Value of Different Types of Fish
Atlantic
Pacific
Total (Canada)
Total Volume of Landings (metric tonnes)
673,923
129,519
803,442
Groundfish
79,865
89,297
169,162
Pelagics
157,622
32,346
189,968
Shellfish
419,689
7,862
427,551
Other
16,747 14
16,761
Total Value of Landings ($'000)
1,907,514
213,123
2,120,637
163,263
95,344
258,607
107,524
37,620
145,144
1,623,116
80,157
1,703,273
13,611 2
13,613

12. Whaling in Canada
Ban on commercial whaling in 1986 (Japan, Norway, Iceland still do it)
Canada allows its northern Indigenous groups to hunt whales on a small scale

13. Grand Banks
Historically the grand banks have been one of the world's richest fishing grounds.
Most parts of the grand banks are less than 50 m deep
Light can reach the sea bed and favours reproduction of sea life.
Beyond the banks, the ocean floor drops to depths over 2,000 m

14. East Coast Fishery Decline in Atlantic fishery since 1990
Decline due to:
Overfishing by Canadians
Improved technology
Foreign factory ships
Changes in natural conditions (climate change)

15. Cod Timeline 1497 - English explorer John Cabot reported lots of cod
1600s s - Newfoundland prospers from cod fishery
The first factory-freezer trawler in the world could catch and process as much as 600 tons of fish in a single day. They were able to fish around the clock, year-round and in all but the worst of weather.
Cod stocks were in desperate shape. Governments worldwide responded with huge subsidies to assist fishermen.
In response to declining fish stocks, most countries passed a 200-mile fishing limit.
1992 -A moratorium on fishing was declared, putting 35,000 fishermen out of work.
Atlantic cod populations were assigned endangered status
Canada allows a limited cod fishery but with very restrictive catch limits

16. The nets of the giant trawlers from took unprecedented amounts of fish, which they would quickly process and deep-freeze.
The trawlers worked around the clock, in all but the very worst weather.
In an hour they would haul up to 200 tonnes of fish; twice the amount a typical 16th century ship would catch in an entire season.

17. Capture of the atlantic cod, in million tons

18. under police protection, fisheries minister John Crosbie announced a moratorium on cod fishing
A mob of angry fishermen had tried to force their way into the hotel ballroom where he was making his speech, and Crosbie was forced to make a hasty retreat.

19. What happened to the Cod?
8:17

20. Tony Doyle, a sixth-generation fisherman from Bay de Verde, Nfld
Tony Doyle, a sixth-generation fisherman from Bay de Verde, Nfld., fishes snow crab because of the cod moratorium

21. Consequences of the collapse
40,000 people lost their jobs and had to go welfare (12 % of province’s labour force)
Thousands of Newfoundlanders moving out to Alberta to find work
Many fishermen learned how to be shellfish fishermen instead
In the next decade, the province's population dropped by a record 10 per cent.

22. West Coast Fishing Industry

23. Wild Fish Pros Cons Contain fewer toxins than farmed fish Better taste
Harvesting can cause destruction of ecosystems and sea floor
Result in unintended bycatch
Less control over ocean pollution

24. aquaculture
Fish raised under supervision, either on land in tanks or in cornered-off sections of the ocean

25. Farmed Fish Pros: High fish yields Reduce pressure on wild stock
Atlantic salmon farm

26. Farmed Fish
Cons:
high concentration can lead to growth of disease and parasites
if farmed fish escape, they could mate with wild fish and endanger native species

27. Choosing sustainable seafood
Avoid - wild cavier, king crab, haddock, wild scallops, farmed salmon, farmed shrimp, red snapper, tuna Best choice - bass, clams, dungeness crab, pacific herring and halibut, wild pacific salmon, northern shrimp, farmed trout, farmed mussels and oysters

28. Cataclysm in the fisheries
16:03