1. World War I

2. What was the status of these countries prior to WWI?
Germany
France
Great Britain
Austria-Hungary
Russia
Italy
Unification
Loss of Alsace Lorraine by Treaty of Frankfurt
Fully industrialized
Leading trading nation
World’s banker
Greatest naval power
Largest colonial empire
Lack of cultural unity
Growing nationalism stirring unrest
Expansionism
War with Japan 1905
Sought recognition as a major power

3. Long Range Causes
Nationalism
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism

4. Ethnic Tensions threaten stability of Austrian Empire
Nationalism
France wants its territory back
Newly Unified
Ethnic Tensions threaten stability of Austrian Empire

5. Militarism Military buildup=jobs War helped to unify Germany and Italy
Increased military spending from by 300%
Millions in peacetime army
Germany increases navy
Bertha von Suttner
Nobel Peace Prize

6. Alliances Triple Alliance—1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Reinsurance Treaty—1887 Germany and Russia— neutrality guaranteed if either went to war
1890 Bismarck dismissed
Treaty not renewed
Russia looks for ally—1894 Franco-Russian Alliance
Triple Entente 1907—Great Britain, France, Russia

8. Imperialism Fashoda Crisis—Sudan—Great Britain and France
Moroccan Crisis—1905 and 1911—France and Germany
Balkan Crises— —Russia
[Pan Slavism] supports expansion plans of Serbia

10. “Powder Keg” Pan Slavism
Russia demoralized after defeat by Japan turns attention to Balkans
1st Crisis
Bosnia annexed by Austria-Hungary
Italy takes Libya
1st Balkan War
1908 Creation of Albania—Serbia loses access to Adriatic Sea
2nd Balkan War
1913 Serbia’s attempt to gain Albania fails with German support for Austria-Hungary
Serbia frustrated and Russia humiliated

11. Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo
Immediate Cause
Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo
June 1914
Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand

14. The Schlieffen Plan
Must crush France in 6 weeks then turn attention to Russia

15. German Atrocities in Belgium

16. Mobilization Home by Christmas No major war in 50 years Nationalism
It’s a long way to Tipperary
It’s a long way to go
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square,
It’s a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart’s right there!

17. Propaganda

19. Australia Propaganda

21. “Think of Your Children!”
German Poster
“Think of Your Children!”
French snake has
baby’s bottle

23. Entire population worked towards military victory
TOTAL WAR
Entire population worked towards military victory
Financing the War

24. Women’s Role
Recruitment

25. Munitions Workers

26. French Factory Workers

27. German Factory Workers

28. Working in the Fields

29. Ambulance Driver

30. Red Cross Workers When war ends women lose jobs to returning soldiers
Women don’t get the right to vote until 1928

31. Russian Women Soldiers

32. Multi-Front War

33. Trench Warfare
Battle of Marne—Sept 1917 ends German hope for quick victory
Soldiers told to dig in after six weeks
600 miles of trenches from Swiss border to English Channel
Morale suffers
Trench Warfare

34. The British government wanted to encourage men to enlist for war.
They said the war would be safe, hardly any fighting, a good lark and over by Christmas.
They used advertising posters to encourage this idea!

35. The reality of ‘going over the top’ was very different!

39. Freezing Winters

41. The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.
These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

42. Trench Foot

44. No Man’s Land

45. Battle of Verdun Longest and Bloodiest Battle
32,000,000 . Estimated artillery shells fired in Battle of Verdun

46. Verdun—February 1916 German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.

47. The Somme, July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
British introduce new weapon—the tank

48. The Cost of War

52. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

53. Sikh British Soldiers in India

54. French colonial Marine infantry from China—fighting in Greece

55. Russia’s Role
War revealed the ineptitude and arrogance of the country’s aristocratic elite
Ill-trained, ineffective officers, poorly equipped
– the result was mass desertions and 2 million casualties by 1915

56. Battle of Tannenberg (August, 1914) – massive defeat at hands of German General Hindenburg
Nicholas left for the Front—September, 1915

57. Italy Enters War Italy remained neutral
Treaty of London—Italy joins Britain and France

58. America slow to enter the War
Neutrality until 1917
Trade partners with England and France
Extended credit to Britain, France, and Russia

59. May 7th 1915

60. Zimmerman Telegram Early 1917
British intercept message from Germany to Mexico in February and show it to US
Published in March
Changes public opinion
War declared in April

61. The Yanks Are Coming!!

62. Americans in the Trenches

63. New Technology Changes War

64. French Renault Tank

65. British Tank at Ypres

66. U-Boats

67. Allied ships sunk by U-boats

69. Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Francesco Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”]
Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr.
Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

70. Curtis-Martin Aircraft Plant United States

71. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

72. The Zeppelin

73. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

74. Poison Gas
Machine Gun

75. Art of World War I

76. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes all Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

78. Russians Exit War Treaty of Brest Litovsk
March 3, 1918 ends war on Eastern Front

79. Eleventh Day, Eleventh Hour, Eleventh Month— All is Quiet on the Western Front
November 11, 1918

80. Human Costs of War
8,000, Estimated civilians killed in Great War: Non-influenza
8,300, Estimated combatants killed, all nations
21,500, Minimum deaths in 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic
Note: Georgia’s population is approximately 9.5 million
Atlanta’s population is approximately 500,000

82. Effects of WWI Immediate Russian Revolution
Destruction and loss of life
Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
Breakup of Austro-Hungarian Empire
Mandates
Long-Term
German and Italian resentment of treaty
US policy of isolationism
Rise of fascism
WWII