1. Indigenous Peoples

2. Indian Act
Aboriginal women who married a person who is not Indian (Aboriginal) are not entitled to legal status registration under Canadian law

3. Indian Act Residential Schools
remove children from the influence of their families and culture, and assimilate them into the dominant Canadian culture

4. Ban on Religious Ceremonies
Indian Act
Ban on Religious Ceremonies
Both the Potlatch and Sun Dance were made illegal

5. Restricted access to courts
Indian Act
Restricted access to courts
forbid any Indian or band from retaining a lawyer for the purpose of making a claim against Canada

6. Unemployment, ill health and poverty were common problems on reserves
The “White Paper” addressed these issues

7. Abolition of reserves was recommended

8. End of special status for treaty Indians

9. “The White Paper”
Why? The belief that equality was necessary to solve the problems. Assimilation was the answer.

10. Aboriginal community rejected the proposal – The “Red Paper”

11. “For the Indian to survive, says the government in effect, he must become a good little brown white man… the only good Indian is a non-Indian”

12. Trudeau’s government withdrew the White Paper in 1971

13. LAND CLAIMS

14. The NIB renamed themselves the “Assembly of First Nations”

15. Based on existing treaties
Specific Land Claims
Based on existing treaties

16. Comprehensive Land Claims
Based on areas where no treaties had been signed

17. The Oka Standoff

18. In 1990, a golf course expansion in Oka, Quebec was proposed

19. The Mohawk claimed
this land had always
belonged to them.
They blockaded major
roads
It lasted for more
than 6 months

20. The Canadian Army was called in

21. An agreement was finally reached and the land transferred to the Kanesatake First Nation

22. SELF-GOVERNMENT

23. The Nisga'a Final Agreement, also known as the Nisga'a Treaty, is a treaty settled between the Nisg̱a'a, the government of British Columbia, and the Government of Canada. As part of the settlement in the Nass River valley nearly 2,000 square kilometres of land was officially recognized as Nisg̱a'a, and a 300,000 cubic decameter water reservation was also created. Bear Glacier Provincial Park was also created as a result of this agreement. Thirty-one Nisga'a placenames in the territory became official names.[1] The land-claim settlement was the first formal treaty signed by a First Nation in British Columbia since Treaty 8 in The agreement gives the Nisga'a control over their land, including the forestry and fishing resources contained in it.
The Nisga’a Treaty

24. They were given wide powers of self-government

25. Nunavut 1999
Inuit were given right to self-government over resources, education and justice