1. WORLD HISTORY READERS
Level 6-①
World War I

2. World WarⅠ When was World War I (WWI)?
Crowds gathered in Paris at the beginning of WWI.
When was World War I (WWI)?
The street corner where the Archduke was killed
How long did most people think the war would last?
A few months
The arrest of Archduke Ferdinand’s murderer
What event started the war?
The assassination of the Austro-Hungarian prince, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, on June 28, 1914.

3. Why Did WWI Start? Who fought in the war? Major Allied Powers
The Allied Powers/Allies fought against the Central Powers.
Major Allied Powers
Great Britain
France
The Russian Empire
The United States
Italy
*The Allies grew to include over 20 nations.
Major Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire

4. The Trenches
How was much of the war fought?
German soldiers
in a trench.
What were some of the advantages of fighting in the trenches?
In trenches
-Protection from enemy gunfire
-Protection from artillery fire
-Safer places to sleep
-Safer places to eat
What were some of the problems in the trenches?
What was even safer than a trench?
- Flooding
- Rats
- Disease
- Depression
Preserved trenches in Holland
A German bunker, Flanders Fields
A bunker

5. A New Way to Fight How was this war different from previous wars?
Preserved WWI trenches in Belgium
How was this war different from previous wars?
Battles in previous wars happened fast, and armies moved quickly on horses. However, because of the trenches, the battles in WWI were long and slow.
How long would the trenches be if laid end-to-end?
In total, the trenches built during WWI would stretch about 25,000 miles if they were laid end-to-end.

6. The Weapons What were some of the weapons used during WWI?
German soldiers with different weapons
An American artillery gun
Hot air balloons
Grenades
Large artillery guns
Poison gas
Tanks
Machine guns
Light-shell rockets
Airplanes
German machine gunners in a trench
Soldiers wearing gas masks
Where did the idea of a tank come from?
Which weapon was banned after WWI?
Poison gas
A farm tractor

7. Tanks in WWI How were the tanks helpful?
A WWI tank
How were the tanks helpful?
They helped to capture enemy trenches, and they made war more mobile again.
When were the first tanks used?
How many tanks were produced during the war?
A group of tanks close to the front line
In the Battle of the Flers in 1916
Over
2,500
by the British
Over
3,500
by the French
Only 20
by the Germans

8. WWI Terms What does “trench foot” mean?
A German trench
Soldiers dying between the trenches
What does “trench foot” mean?
“Trench foot” is when a person’s feet have been wet for so long that their feet rot. The skin and tissue turns black and dies.
No man’s land
What does “no man’s land” mean?
Soldiers crossing no man’s land
“No man’s land” was the muddy area between enemy trenches. It was filled with rows of barbed wire and dead soldiers.

9. Sympathy for the Enemy What would happen during ceasefires?
A German soldier approaches British lines with a Christmas tree, 1914
What were ceasefires?
What would happen during ceasefires?
Ceasefires were short agreements to stop fighting during the war.
Usually, soldiers would bury the dead and fix damaged trenches.
What happened during Christmas in 1914?
What happened when high-level officials found out about these ceasefires?
There were some special ceasefires. Some Germans and Allies sang Christmas carols together. Others exchanged gifts like tobacco and cake. Some even played soccer.
They were banned from happening ever again.

10. The Battle of the Somme What was the most bloody battle of the war?
French troops at the Battle of the Somme
What was the most bloody battle of the war?
The Battle of the Somme in 1916
What happened?
Indian soldiers on horses at the Battle of the Somme
The Allies began with an eight-day artillery gun attack. Then 750,000 men attacked, but the German defenses held. On the first day of the battle, 58,000 British troops were injured or killed. The battle lasted for more than four months before the British called it off. The British lost 420,000 troops, the French lost nearly 200,000 troops, and the Germans lost 500,000 troops.

11. The End of the War How many people were killed or injured during WWI?
Wounded American soldiers and a nurse
How many people were killed or injured during WWI?
Approximately 17 million people were killed and 20 million were injured.
A nurse writing a letter for a wounded soldier
How did the war end?
A treaty was signed in France between the Allied forces and Germany.
Saint Quentin in France after 4 years of war
Crowds at the signing of the Treaty of Versailles

12. Vocabulary barbed wire n. bunker n.
­­­­­strong wire with short, sharp points on it
bunker n.
a strongly built shelter for soldiers or guns, usually underground

13. Vocabulary crawl v. grenade n.
to move forward on your hands and knees, with your body close to the ground
grenade n.
a small bomb thrown by hand or shot from a gun

14. Vocabulary hot air balloon n. miserable adj.
a very large bag filled with heated air that has a basket hanging under it in which people can ride
miserable adj.
very unhappy or uncomfortable

15. Vocabulary patriotism n. sympathy n.
love of your country more than any other country
sympathy n.
the feeling of understanding and caring about someone’s problems