1. Get out your cookie cartoon.
Cookie making analogies

2. The Cookbook is like: DNA

3. The Cookie Recipe is like: gene
A Gene holds the instructions for making a specific protein. There are 1000’s of genes in our DNA

4. The Cookie is like: protein
Instructions for making proteins are found in genes.

5. Bobby’s house is like: the nucleus

6. The Transcribed Recipe is like: RNA
RNA is a molecule very similar to DNA.

7. Outside of Bobby’s house is like: cytoplasm of the cell

8. Stacey the Cookie Maker is like: the ribosome and tRNA
Ribosomes and tRNA are molecules that help build proteins– using instructions from mRNA.

9. 1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2
1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2. There is a recipe for making cookies. 3. The cookbook with the recipes cannot leave the house. 4. The recipe gets transcribed into a written out recipe. 5. The written out recipe leaves the house. 6. Stacey follows the instructions on the written out recipe. 7. Cookies are made.

10. 1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2
1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes. 2. There is a recipe for making cookies. 3. The cookbook with the recipes cannot leave the house. 4. The recipe gets transcribed into a written out recipe. 5. The written out recipe leaves the house. 6. Stacey follows the instructions on the written out recipe. 7. Cookies are made.
DNA
genes
gene
proteins
DNA
gene
nucleus
gene
“copied”
mRNA
mRNA
nucleus
Ribosomes & tRNA
mRNA
Proteins

11. 1. How is DNA like a cookbook?
DNA has the instructions for making everything in the cell.
DNA is a very important molecule.

12. 2. Why are genes like recipes?
Inside of our DNA are genes.
Genes are small segments of DNA that hold the information needed to make a specific protein.

13. 3. What happens when proteins need to be made?
When a certain protein is needed in the cell, the gene with those instructions is needed.
Proteins are made outside the nucleus, but the information for making proteins is found in the nucleus.
DNA cannot leave the nucleus.

14. 4. How does the information needed to make proteins get out of the nucleus?
The needed gene is transcribed (copied) into a molecule called mRNA.

15. DNA vs RNA DNA RNA Double strand Deoxyribose A T G C
Can NOT leave nucleus
RNA
Single strand
Ribose
A U C G
CAN leave the nucleus

16. 5. What happens once the mRNA is made?
mRNA is a molecule very similar to DNA.
mRNA can leave the nucleus.

17. 6. How do the instructions in RNA get made into a protein?
Molecules called tRNA and ribosomes follow the instructions found in mRNA and help create the needed proteins.

18. 7. The final product
The protein is now made and can be used by the cell.

19. Post-Note Questions
1. Explain why transcribing (copying) DNA into RNA is an essential step for making proteins?

20. Post-Note Questions
2. In step 4, genes (small segments of DNA) get transcribed into RNA. Why is only the gene transcribed and not all of the DNA?

21. Making Proteins vs. Making Cookies
Cookie Cartoon Summary Statements in between. Protein Cartoon

22. DNA Transcription and Translation

23. Practice ACT ACG ATC GAC TAT UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA DNA Strand:
What is the Complementary RNA strand?
UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA

24. What Does RNA Do?
Reads and transfers information from DNA to parts of the cell responsible for Building Proteins
Is a temporary, reusable
copy of the Genetic Code
of certain Genes

25. Types of RNA mRNA Messenger RNA
After being formed, the mRNA leaves the Nucleus and travels to the Ribosome
tRNA
Transfer RNA
Transfers Amino Acids (Makes up the new Protein) to the Ribosome as the Protein is being produced

26. A Few New Words Codon: A set of 3 Nucleotides Anticodon:
3 tRNA Nucleotides which complement a Codon
Amino Acid:
Building block of a Protein

27. What is the mRNA Code Sequence?

28. Transcription Video
4:50-5:35

30. Translation Video: Sketch
7:45-10:50

31. Final Products
Amino Acid Chains (Proteins) are built to perform specific functions in the cell
In the cell, Proteins have numerous jobs:
Control the rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells
Help to fight disease