1. Pronouns
Chapter 15

2. Case of pronouns Case is the form a noun/pronoun takes to indicate
its use in a sentence.
English-> 3 cases: nominative, objective, & possessive
The form of the noun is the same for nominative & objective case.
Nominative Case (subject)
The student gave her speech
Objective case
(indirect object)
Give the student your attention.

3. Case of pronouns Possessive Case
Usually adding ‘s to most singular nouns
I enjoyed the student’s snack.
‘ to most plural nouns
I enjoyed the students’ snacks.

4. 3rd person indicates gender

5. Nominative case pronouns
15a: The subject of the verb is in the nominative case.
I organized the file cabinets.
I is the subject of organized.
Ava and she raked leaves.
Ava and she is the compound subject of raked
They saw that we worked hard on the project.
They is the subject of saw
& we is the subject of worked
TIP: pronoun in a compound subject try it as a single subject to identify the proper pronoun

6. Nominative case pronouns
15b: A predicate nominative is in the nominative case.
predicate nominative is a noun/pronoun that follows a linking verb
& identifies or explains the subject of the sentence.
A pronoun used as a predicate nominative always follows
a form of the verb be OR a verb phrase ending in be or been.

7. The coach of the team is she.
She: follows the linking verb is
Identifies the subject coach
The fastest worker has been he.
He follows the linking verb has been
Identifies the subject worker
The third place winners were he and I.
He and I follow the linking verb were
Indentifies the subject winners

8. Finish for homework Exercise 2 and 3
Due Now questions 1-5 for Exercise 2: Using Personal Pronouns As Subjects And Predicate Nominatives
Finish for homework
Exercise 2 and 3

9. Objective case pronouns
15c a direct object and an indirect object that receives the action of the verb of shows the result of the action

10. Her tells whom the letter made happy.
The letter made her happy.
It tells what Lacey reported.
Lacey reported it to the police.
Direct object: a noun/pronoun receiving the action of the verb OR shows the result of the action

11. Indirect Object: noun/pronoun tells
to whom of for whom OR to what or for what
the action of the verb is done.
Mr. Gamble told them a wonderful story.
Them tells to whom Mr. Gamble told a wonderful story.
Him tells for whom Josh brought a map.
Josh brought him a map to the stadium.

12. 15 d: Object of a preposition is in the objective case
A noun/pronoun used as an object of a preposition comes at the end of a phrase that begins with the preposition
Next to me
Beside you and me
With her
Due now: exercise 4 (1-5)
Homework: finish exercise 4 and do exercise 1

13. Possessive Case Pronouns
15e: the possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs are used in the same ways that the pronouns in the nominative and objective case are used.
Your book and mine are getting worn.
SUBJECTIVE:
Pred. Nom.:
That bicycle is his.
I.O.
D.O.
Please give ours a try.
I cleaned theirs first.
Object of Prep
Did I put my coat under yours?

14. Possessive Case Pronouns
15 f: the possessive pronouns my, yours, his, her, its, our, and there are used as adjectives before the nouns
My hat is ripping.
His water is boiling.
15g. A noun or pronoun preceding a gerund is in the possessive case.
A gerund a verb form ending in –ing and functions as a noun.
The noun or pronoun that comes before the gerund must be in the possessive case.
Do now: exercise 5

15. Special Pronoun Problems
15 h: pronouns used as appositives should be in the same case as the word they refer to.
Appositive: noun/pronoun used with another noun /pronoun to identify or explain it
Nominative case
Apposition with the subject captains
The captains, he or she, should introduce the players

16. Elliptical construction is a clause from which words have been omitted
15I: A pronoun following than or as in an elliptical construction is in the same case as it would be if the construction were completed.
Elliptical construction is a clause from which
words have been omitted
Chad was much more careful on the ice than she.
elliptical
Chad was much more careful on the ice than she was.
completed

17. Do now exercise 6 girls even boys odd
15j a pronoun ending in –self or –selves should not be used in place of a simple personal pronoun
Wally and myself decorated the gym.
NONSTANDARD
Wally and I decorated the gym.
STANDARD
Do now exercise 6
girls even boys odd

18. Who and Whom
Who (whoever) three case forms
NOMINATIVE: who whoever
OBJECTIVE: whom whomever
POSSESSIVE: whose whosever
15k: Interrogative pronouns when they are used to form a question

19. 15k: Interrogative pronouns when they are used to form a question
When they are used to introduce subordinate clauses, they are relative pronouns
Depends on its use in the sentence
Whom is used as an object of a verb or preposition
Who is used as the subject or predict nominative

20. Do now: exercise 7 TIP: who = he Whom =him Who wants to see the show?
Who is the subject of the verb wants.
TIP: who = he
Whom =him
Whom is the object of the preposition with?
With whom did you jog?

21. Ambiguous reference A pronoun has no definite meaning in itself
Its meaning is only clear when the reader knows what word it stands for = ANTECEDENT
After Bonny sang the aria, the audience applauded her.

22. Our friends asked the Gores if they could show them a map
Our friends asked if the Gores could show them a map.
Our friends asked if they could show the map to the Gores.

23. Avoid general reference
The pronoun refers to a general idea rather than a specific noun.
Usual general reference pronouns: it, this, that, which, and such

24. Do now: worksheet and chapter review
Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar. The judges awarded him first prize in the talent show for this.
Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar. The judges awarded him first prize in the talent show for his many talents.
Because Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar, the judges awarded him first prize in the talent show.
Do now: worksheet and chapter review

25. Subject of the sentence + verb of the sentence
The nominative case is the case used for a noun or pronoun which is the subject of a verb.
sentence=
Subject of the sentence + verb of the sentence
Nominative
predicate