1. NET WAN Data Networks

2. Network Protocols Protocols functions:
Communication control – how to communicate (peer to peer, master/slave)
Error detection/correction – how to check for and correct errors
Link management – control traffic flow
Session variables – login, authentication of users, half or full duplex
Synchronization – transfer rates, timing
Addressing – unique ID for nodes; connection oriented (circuit), or connectionless (packet)
Routing – metrics on how best to route traffic
Data segmenting/reassembly – frames, cells, packets, header and trailer
Data formatting – Encryption and compression

3. Data Network Types LAN – Local Area Network WAN – Wide Area Network
Within a building
WAN – Wide Area Network
Network connecting LANs in many different locations
Focus on WANs

4. WAN Types Types of WANs Public – Internet
Private – Private line, VPN, MPLS

5. XO IP Network
XO Network Maps

6. IP Internet Protocol (IP) mainly an addressing scheme
An IP address has two parts: the identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device (which can be a server or a workstation etc.) within that network. On the Internet itself - that is, between the routers that move packets from one point to another along the route - only the network part of the address is looked at.
IPv4 uses a 32 bit address
IPv6 uses a 128 bit address and provides for better QoS
IP address hard to remember so Domain Name Service (DNS) is used to translate names to IP addresses.

7. Private WAN Types *Private Line (point to point) – Layer 1
Dedicated circuits between locations TDM or IP. TDM = T1/T3/OCx
Pros – secure, reliable, dedicated bandwidth not shared, supports any protocol
Cons – costly, many circuits to manage at hub or main location

8. Private WAN Types *Ethernet (WAN) Old layer 2 technology used on LANs
Newer to WAN environment
Implemented over SONET for protection or over DWDM backbones
10/100/1000MB speeds
Interconnect LANs at Layer 2
Point to point or switched (FE aggregation to GigE)
Pros – matching LAN speeds, simple, cheap (per MB), flat network
Cons – flat network

9. Private WAN Types Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Layer 2 switching level
Semi private/shared network
Pros – utilizing existing backbone, scaleable, layer 2 – fast, one circuit to manage at HQ, cheaper than private line
Cons – shared type network, not dedicated

10. Private WAN Types *Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Layer 3 (IP) utilizing existing Internet
Traffic is encrypted for security
Hub and spoke or Meshed network
Pros – utilizing existing network (internet), scaleable, layer 3, better use of bandwidth
Cons – public network backbone, encryption overhead

11. Network Convergence Voice and data networks becoming one
More efficient and economical
Very attractive for branch office design
Using dedicated or private circuits VOIP works well.
Utilizing the Internet for VOIP is still unreliable.