1. The Age of Exploration
Chapter 17

2. Introduction to the Age of Exploration
Open your textbook to page 318 and 319:
Look at and read over the quotes, the map, the timeline, and pictures on those pages to help you answer:
What motivated Europeans to explore during this time?

3. What motivated Europeans to explore? (Chapter 17, Lesson 1)
3 G’s: GOLD, GLORY, and GOD (how? By GUNS!!!!)
How might gold have been involved in exploration?
Europeans wanted to find new sources of gold, wealth, and resources
Who might have hoped to achieve glory through exploration?
The explorers and those who hired them. First to reach, achieve, make connect with….wanted global recognition!
What might be the connection between exploration and religion (God)?
Wanted to spread Christianity throughout the whole world

4. Video: Crash Course’s 15th Century Mariners (start at 4:27)

5. Day 1 Closing:
With a partner, attempt to put the plants, animals, and diseases into the proper column on your chart:
From the Old World to the New World: bananas, cattle, smallpox, horses, sugar cane, wheat, honey bees
From the New World to the Old World: cocoa, corn, peanuts, potatoes, tobacco
Then, discuss and answer the question at the bottom. What do you think so far?

6. Mercantilism and the Columbian Exchange
Chapter 17, Lesson 2
Part A

7. Economic Geography
One aspect of human geography is to look at the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities. (Spatial distribution refers to how resources, activities, human demographics or features of the landscape are arranged across the surface of the Earth.)
Since the 16th century and the Columbian exchange the principles of SUPPLY and DEMAND have worked together across continents on a worldwide of global scale, changing wealth and relationships for nations everywhere.
The Atlantic slave trade is a good, early example of this. Conquering and building colonies in the Americas required huge amounts of labor; as native American populations decreased or died off, that left a major labor void; European exploration into Africa (relative location is close to the Americas especially on its West coast), became an easy source of that labor.
The spatial distribution of goods and services in the supply/demand chain of the Atlantic Slave trade made European nations tremendously wealthy; it also left parts of Africa decimated both economically and from a human or cultural perspective.

8. Clips
Slavery - Crash Course
TedEd
Friends Society & Slavery

9. Mercantilism
4 & 5. What was mercantilism & what was the view of the role of colonies in regards to mercantilism? Mercantilists believed that a nation’s wealth (“prosperity”) depended upon how much gold or silver it had. To bring in as much gold & silver as possible a nation needed a favorable balance of trade (more exports than imports).
The colonies of Europe were seen as important sources of raw materials and were viewed as markets for exports of manufactured goods. So exploring nations first created trading posts in the Americas & the East; eventually those trading posts became colonies.

10. The Columbian exchange
The Columbian Exchange was a global trade network of plants, animals, and other resources between Europe and the Americas
C. E. introduced new products, leading to the growth of markets and population that changed the lives of the peoples in the Americas:
Livestock: establishment of ranches; horses made travelling and hunting for Native Americans easier and quicker
Foods: establishment of plantations for crops introduced to the Americas
Disease: millions of Native American peoples died as a result of exposure to new disease

11. Columbian Exchange Multiple Choice
What was a major effect of the Columbian Exchange?
Economic collapse in Europe
Introduction of new food crops to Europe
Decrease in European population
Expansion of democratic rights throughout Europe
What accounted for the majority of the population loss suffered by Native Americans after European arrival to the Americas?
Internal civil conflicts
Losses due to warfare
Epidemic diseases
Enslavement

12. Columbian Exchange Summary and Conclusion - https://www. youtube
12. Europeans experienced an era of new lands and goods, trade opportunities and wealth. TRADE RIVALRIES WOULD ALSO EMERGE (329)
INFLATION resulted in Europe; (a general increase in the costs of all goods) – that will drive many to leave Europe & become “settlers” in the Americas.
13. Peoples of Africa and the Americas were captured and experienced defeat, takeover, extinction due to disease, but also new crops, goods, livestock, and resources
14. The Columbian Exchange was the first international, global trade market. Cultures began developing in connection to each other instead of developing separately. Cultural diffusion increases significantly.

13. THE Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage
Chapter 17, Lesson 2
Part B

14. The Triangular trade Route

15. The Slave trade and economics
Please read the handout on Triangular trade and answer the questions on the back of the worksheet.
You can use the reading from the handout, your textbook (Chapter 17, Section 2), or the internet to help you answer the questions.

16. Concluding questions and ideas
TRIANGULAR TRADE:
1st leg: Traders sell European manufactured goods to Africa
2nd leg: Middle Passage – European goods traded for African slaves travel to the Americas
3rd leg: traders would carry raw materials from the Americas back to Europe
Sugarcane production, as well as the need for rum and other raw materials, increased the demand for slave labor. The more raw materials/crops the Europeans needed, the more labor they need as well (#1)
The effects of the Triangular trade on Africa: (#2)
The effects of slavery varied from region to region
Slave traders desire to provide constant supply of enslaved peoples increased warfare in Africa
The slave trade severely depopulated some areas taking away many o their youngest and strongest men and women

17. Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade (Q’s 4-6)
#4 – The MIDDLE PASSAGE refers to the transport of enslaved Africans from the African continent to the Americas – many died on this “forced voyage” & those who survived were subject to a type of slavery that was very different from any other (families separated; discouraged from having children; denial of basic human rights)
#5 – BEFORE European arrival in the 15th century most enslaved persons in Africa were prisoners of war; Europeans began buying enslaved people from African merchants at slave markets in return for gold, guns, etc.; but as DEMAND for labor grew slave traders began to move inland & used kidnapping to fill the demand for slave labor.
#6 - As this situation wore on over the years, certain parts of Africa saw tremendous decreases in population as slave raids destroyed entire communities; Europeans & local African rulers who participated in the Atlantic Slave trade saw it as a source of income; over time many African rulers realized the overall terrible affect of this on their people – but by then the demand for labor was so great that the system was very difficult to stop. Enslaved people from Africa were dehumanized throughout the years of the Atlantic Slave trade – a tragedy for them, their families & their former villages in Africa. The AST also introduced GUNS to Africa – in large numbers – which would be a problem for centuries to come.

18. Effects of Atlantic Slave Trace (7&8)
#7 – The use of enslaved Africans remained largely acceptable throughout European society – HOWEVER – some disagreed with the idea that Africans were “inferior beings fit chiefly for slave labor” and they challenged the mainstream ideas. The “SOCIETY OF FRIENDS” aka “QUAKERS” began to condemn slavery in the late 1700’s and their ideas helped to turn the viewpoint on slavery which was eventually abolished in Europe and in the America’s.
#8 – After the French Revolution ended in the 1790’s slavery ended in France & its colonies; The British ended slave trade in 1807 & abolished it throughout its empire in 1833; and of course in the US slavery ended after the Civil War in the ’s – HOWEVER – it’s legacy continues in many parts of the world up to the present.