1. Strengthening an Enabling Environment For WASH Sector in PakistanBy
Kitka Goyol, Chief WASH
Kamran Naeem, WASH Specialist
Good Afternoon! to everyone
My name is Kitka Goyol, I am Chief of WASH section in UNICEF Pakistan. We will be presenting our experiences of ‘Strengthening an enabling Environment for WASH sector in Pakistan’’
My colleague, Mr. Kamran Naeem, who is WASH Specialist and focal point for ‘Enabling Environment’ will help me in making part of this presentation
The presentation will take almost forty minutes, but we will also have some time for the questions and answers at the end. Please feel free to write down your questions in the chat box during the presentation, we will try to answer these as we go or at the end of presentation.
Click

2. Overview of Presentation Presentation is divided into 8 Sections + Q&A
Country Context for EE in Pakistan & UNICEF WASH Team
Institutional Factors for EE in Pakistan
Planning for EE work in UNICEF Pakistan
Implementing WASH EE Activities
Key Challenges
Lessons Learnt
Future Plans
Questions and Answers
This is the overview of our presentation (do not read just pause for 10 secs)

3. Profile of Pakistan 88 % Access Limited Service of Water
Population: Over 200 million
(6th Largest Country)
Rural Population: 60.8 %
Urban Population: 39.2%
Federation of four major provinces
WASH – Devolved in 2010
88 % Access Limited Service of Water
64 % Access Basic Service of Sanitation
25 m defecate in open
Country Profile:
Pakistan is the sixth largest country in the world with an estimated population of more than 200 million people,
and
Pakistan is a federation of Four Major provinces i.e. Balochistan, Sindh, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Punjab, the province of Punjab has a very large population, which is estimated to be more than 100 million.
According to new SDG definitions, we have 88% people with ‘Access to limited service of Water’ and 64% accessing ‘basic sanitation service’, while 25 million people are still defecating in the open

4. Implementation strategy & guiding principles
Pakistan WASH Programme Structure
Implementation strategy & guiding principles
Implementation strategy & guiding principles
In line with UNICEF’s global strategy for WASH:
Our overall implementation strategy, as guided by Global WASH strategy, is to continue learning, while adopting newer areas of our work in next country programme
What we want to do better includes ‘Enabling Environment’ as first pillar of our next country programme. It will enable the governments to play thier role in line with the SWA building blocks and collaborative behaviours. The other pillars are Rural WASH with a major focus on eliminating Open defecation; Urban WASH is for pro-poor services in underserved urban areas and we will continue to ensure that DRR is mainstreamed in all our Programmes while we prepare for emergencies.
We are a team of 31 people, 35% Female and 65% Male
WASH Staff: 31 people; 35% Female and 65% Male

5. What we understand about EE
“…A set of interrelated functions that impacts the capacity of Government, private and public sector partners …… that creates the CONDITIONS for a Country to have sustainable, at-scale WASH services that will facilitate achievement of the universal access for ALL in WASH with progressive reduction of INEQUALITY…..”
We understand from the ‘WASH EE Guidance note’ that an EE is
“…A set of interrelated functions that impacts the capacity of Government, private and public sector partners …… that creates the CONDITIONS for a Country to have sustainable, at-scale WASH services that will facilitate achievement of the universal access for ALL in WASH with progressive reduction of INEQUALITY…..”

6. Choosing EE and Capacity Context
When we decided to work with more focus on Enabling Environment , the first thing to look at was ‘the context of Pakistan’. I will try to explain this using an illustration from the ‘WASH EE guidance note of UNICEF’ which has been of great help.
Click: Following devolution of WASH to provinces in year 2010, the provincial governments had low capacity, UNICEF’s engagement in strengthening the EE was obvious.
Click: this was other than the exceptional emergency situations. We know that ‘EE and right capacities’ of the duty bearers should be in place before a humanitarian situation.
In this regard we are undertaking a study for:
Click: Capacity gap analysis of institutions responsible for Humanitarian WASH sector coordination. We want to move away from activation of cluster all the time, which has matured to a level in Pakistan that the government can start taking more responsibility for humanitarian coordination of WASH sector
Click: We will also map roles and responsibilities of government institutions
Click: This will help us develop Humanitarian- development nexus.
As the study has just completed inception phase, we can give more updates on this later.
Click: Now coming back to our topic, while we want to continue our Programmes which empower communities and advocate with evidence,
we want to move to a situation in next 3 to 4 years where the government has developed medium capacity and , as UNICEF, we are more involved in ‘leveraging the public sector funds’ and ‘facilitating the markets’ to respond to community demands, in a rights based manner
Capacity gap analysis of institutions responsible for Humanitarian WASH sector coordination
Humanitarian- development nexus
Map roles and responsibilities of government institutions Development and Humanitarian

7. Planning for EE Work in Pakistan Collaborative Behaviors
Adopted Global Framework For Sector Wide Work
Collaborative Behaviors
Building blocks
Sector/SDGs
Policy & strategy
Service is:
For all (inequalities are addressed)
Safely managed (Quality, availability over time, are addressed)
Satisfactory (participation/ accountability of users is assured)
Institutional arrangements
To plan for our EE work in Pakistan, we used the globally harmonized framework for sector-wide work developed under the SWA partnership, which includes the use of four collaborative behavious by WASH sector partners, strengthening the 5 building blocks to create enabling environment, which will help us in achievement of SDG Targets.
Financing
Planning, monitoring, review
Capacity development

8. National, Regional and International Events/Fora/Processes
Planning for EE Work in Pakistan
Four Major Process Cycles
National, Regional and International Events/Fora/Processes
Advocacy
Media Campaigns
Government Budget Preparations
Joint Sector Reviews
When UNICEF started planning the EE work, we looked at four fragmented cycles of:
A cycle of National, Regional and International Forums or you can call them Events e.g. PACOSAN, SACOSAN and SWA HLM
A cycle of various fora of sector reviews or sector status reviews or situational analysis etc.
A Series of advocacy events, and campaigns which get attention of policy makers in the media
And the formal budget preparation cycle of the government
Click:
We internally discussed and found need to harmonize these four cycles in to one
Harmonized

9. Developing Concept for EE Work for UNICEF Pakistan
We Pulled our thoughts together and documented a concept note for EE, which was initially for use of UNICEF Pakistan.
We made budget announcement event in the calendar year, on the top, a pivotal point to elaborate our EE programme cycle
This followed gathering evidence and consolidating sector studies before month of December to systematically inform the sector stakeholders.
The cycle Included Annual Provincial Joint Sector Reviews (JSRs), involving stakeholders from the humanitarian and development sector partners
WASH BAT and SDGs costing tool were proposed to be used for facilitation of JSRs
The concept included announcement of provincial commitments by the political leadership, in the closing ceremonies of JSRs, with media presence.
These commitments were suggested to be followed by a focused advocacy and communication plan
The cycle included advocacy leading up to the Budget preparation season i.e. Jan-Feb in which actual decisions for financial allocations are made.
The whole cycle was conceived to seek impetus from the national, regional and global events. A model of interlinked PACOSANs, SACOSAN and SWA HLMs was conceived and put forward
It was also conceived in the concept note that Media and Community campaigns sould supplement the advocacy efforts ahead of the budget preparation and announcement

10. Creating EE needs Creativity
Creating an EE for WASH needs Creativity and innovative thinking
As we know that ‘Strong Political Leadership is starting Point in Creating EE’
We need to Identify and recruit champions to talk to other policy makers. This can be a minister which has interest to champion on some provincial commitments related to WASH.
E.g. Here on top left you can see our Minister from Punjab province presenting the progress report of 2014 SWA commitments, in Stockholm. He announced ODF Punjab commitment with a timeline and indicative budget at this forum. He later represented Pakistan at two other international forums and repeated his announcement of commitment. This announcement became fundamental part the ‘Punjab WASH Sector master plan’ and later this master plan received 4 million dollars funding by the Government of Punjab.
This tells us that an ‘expressed commitment’ initially becomes ‘institutional commitment’ after announcement by a political leader and this helps in obtaining the ‘budgetary commitments’ later
Click: In this photo you can see Angela, country representative of UNICEF Pakistan, with her section chiefs in meeting with the Honorable Speaker of National Assembly, parliamentarians and the Honorable minister of Information. This was an initiative of UNCIEF WASH team in Pakistan which benefitted the UNICEF office overall, I would rather say that it benefitted the children in Pakistan, as we have signed a ‘Letter of Agreement’ with the National Parliamentary Task Force on SDGs.
Our technical minister for WASH, Minister Zahid Hamid, calls SDGs as ‘Pakistan Development Goals’ in his speeches. In top left photograph he represented the South Asian countries in recent SMM in Washington.
Lesson to share is that : Engage with Parliamentarians who legislate and provide oversight to ‘executive’ pillar of the state. Working with bureaucrats is very useful but can be, at times, exhausting as well
Strong Political Leadership is starting Point in Creating EE

11. Consensus/Consultation around WASH EE
Using SWA SMM Templates for Ministerial Dialogues in First SDG Workshop - July 2016
Meetings and presentations to Key Sector partners
WaterAid
Plan International
World Bank
Presentations to Provincial and Federal Government
Adjustments demanded for continuing work in progress
Training of Sector stakeholders on JSRs and WASHBAT – Guy Hutton – Oct 2016
To achieve consensus of sector stakeholders on the concept note developed by UNICEF, at first stage
We used the formats of SWA ministerial meeting in Addis, with 5 building blocks and 4 collaborative behaviours, to roll out our ‘Dialogue on SDG-6’ in Pakistan
Click:
At second stage we started sharing and enriching the concept note with key sector partners like WaterAID, Plan and World Bank
After achieving the consensus of development partners, we jointly presented it to federal and provincial governments. Although it was very well received, but provinces did adjust the concept note with the ongoing provincial activities. E.g. Punjab adopted JSRs in the form of ‘Review of WASH sector Master Plan’, whereas KP province delayed the JSR till mid of year 2017 and opted to use both SDG costing tool and WASHBAT for a full analysis of 5 building blocks before developing its ‘WASH Sector Master Plan’.
More provincial understanding and ownership was developed by organizing a training of sector stakeholders on JSRs and WASHBAT. Guy Hutton and Tom Slaymaker helped PCO in conducting this training.

12. Assessing Status of EE in Pakistan
Sector Sustainability Check Study and Validation of Results Workshop – Aug 2016
WASHBAT, sector reviews and annual provincial reviews of UNICEF Programmes involved provincial stakeholders
UNICEF has a fair idea but stakeholders involvement builds ownership of process
Periodic Sector Status Reports
Pakistan Country Paper for SACOSAN
Provincial WASH status presentations in PACOSAN
SWA commitments or Sector Overview report
GLAAS
We also assessed the status of WASH Enabling Environment in Pakistan. For this UNICEF facilitated ‘Sector Sustainability Check Study’ which presented the initial results on status of EE in the sector
WASHBAT exercises in Sindh and Punjab provinces helped us in triangulating the secondary data and findings of sustainability check study.
We want to mention here that there were no major surprises for UNICEF but the actual assessment of EE helped in obtaining the joint ownership of this analysis.
Rich information in understanding the EE was also obtained from sector status reports including:-
Pakistan Country Paper for SACOSAN
Provincial WASH status presentations in PACOSAN
SWA Sector Overview report
And GLAAS report, along with WHO, UNICEF supported Pakistan’s participation GLAAS report

13. Implementing WASH EE
Advocacy for Institutional home for WASH at Federal Level prioritized
UNICEF Rep meeting Ministers
DED, RD, AD WASH met ministers and Pakistan’s special Rep. UN HQ
MoCC issued Guidelines to provinces for conducting annual JSRs, using WASHBAT
Annual provincial JSRs for Monitoring SDG Targets/Plans
Coordinate Sector Evidence Generation among sector partners and Governments to facilitate informed participation in JSR
Mass media campaign on WASH behaviors - MoCC
Although detailed EE activities are part of provincial WASH sector master plans, here are few broad activities which have been designed and implemented:
After devolution of WASH to provinces in 2010, there was no federal government institution which had mandate to coordinate at national level. With more focus on EE, UNICEF intensified advocacy for the ‘institutional home for WASH’ at Federal level.
This was done by a set of planned interventions. It involved UNICEF country Rep’s meetings with the Ministers. Meetings of Deputy Executive director, Regional Director, and Associate Director WASH in HQ with our ministers and the Pakistan’s special Rep. to UN HQ.
These meetings were structured, with drafted talking points and pre-planned expected outcomes of the meetings
Another set of activities was formalizing the use of tools like JSRs and WASHBAT beyond the concept note
This was done by getting the guidelines on use of these tools formally issued from the federal government to the provincial governments.
More coordinated sector evidence generation, to propel the JSR with right information, was another set of EE activities
Last but not least was very successful, Government Led, media campaign on all popular TV channels. UNICEF signed a joint PCA with Key WASH sector partners and supported the MOCC to conceive and launch this campaign. This involved the partnerships with media, private sector and with Ministry of information. These are the strategic partnership required for EE environment and advocacy. A song called ‘clap song’ on hand washing became very popular.

14. Steps by Step Provincial EE Activities
Conduct annual provincial JSRs using WASHBAT
Cost achievement of SDGs
Domesticate SDG Targets 6.1 and 6.2
Divide Targets in to interim bi-annual mini targets
Indicate sector financing needs for next two years
Review and align sector master plans with Plan-2030 and interim targets
Conduct annual JSRs
Engage in Advocacy for budgetary allocations (PF4C)
Collect data, Review progress and engage the political leadership in dialogue through National, Regional and International forums
This slide is to understand how EE activities appear in a plan, following a step by step approach,
To start with we will facilitate conducting annual provincial JSRs using WASHBAT and costing the achievement of SDGs
SDG Targets will be domesticated for 6.1 and 6.2 in each particular province
Here we want to do some innovation for practical reasons,
We want to facilitate the government in dividing the ‘Targets for 2030’ in to interim bi-annual mini targets
This is because it is easier to Indicate sector financing needs for a two year span
At step 6 the existing provincial master plans are reviewed and aligned with overall plan-2030 and interim targets
Then we have to institutionalize the regular annual JSRs
And engage in Advocacy for Public Financing for Children
At the end we have to regularly collect data in routine, review progress and engage the political leadership in continuous dialogue through National, Regional and International forums

15. Plan 2030 Target 6.1 and 6.2 SACOSAN 13 HLM 11 JSR7 SACOSAN 12 HLM 10
2028
2026
2024
2022
2020
2018
JSR7
SACOSAN 12
HLM 10
JSR6
SACOSAN 11
HLM 9
JSR5
SACOSAN 10
HLM 8
JSR4
SACOSAN 9
HLM 7
Now to demonstrate how provincial EE activities can get impetus from national, regional and international dialogue:
We built upon the base that every province in Pakistan will have its home grown realistic SDG Targets up to 2030
and these will be divided in two-two years mini targets
And these will also be aligned with our provincial plans e.g. the red bit shows ODF Punjab by 2022
Click: We will have 7 SWA HLMs by 2030 and luckily 5th HLM was this year in 2017
Click: Similarly we will have 7 SACOSAN till 2030, starting from 7th SACOSAN in 2018, in Pakistan
Click: We have planned seven joint sector starting consolidating one for all provinces in It is worth mentioning here that we practically consolidated our provincial commitments, aligned with SDGs, in PACOSAN-3 held in early April this year, before reporting the same in the ‘country overview paper’ which was presented at recent SWA HLM.
If JSRs, using Tools like WASHBAT and SDG costing tool, continue and become institutionalized, We will have an Enabling environment institutionalized too. All we would need to do further would be facilitation and advocacy
JSR3
SACOSAN 8
HLM 6
JSR2
SACOSAN 7
HLM 5
JSR1

16. Monitoring and Evaluating WASH EE
Broad Indicators e.g. Regular JSRs
Provincial Reporting on SWA formats (4 CBs and 5 BBs) and consolidation in Sector Status Reports at National Level
Monitoring SDG-6 especially Means of Implementation Indicators 6A and 6B
Advocacy for Putting Framework for Monitoring SDG-6 in place
PBS Adopted regular national MICS every three years
Census 2017 includes Key WASH Questions – Estimated baseline will be made accurate
National Data ECOSYSTEM Adopts MICS-6
Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) survey
National Nutrition Survey – 2017
Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) - expressed agreement
Pakistan has already hit few very strategic milestones through EE work facilitated by UNICEF WASH team
Other than broad sector coordination indicators e.g. that regular JSRs
Provinces report on 4 CBs and 5 BBs for consolidation of national sector status report has already started
GLAAS process is being supported to monitor SDG-6 Means of implementation indicators
With successful advocacy, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics has adopted the regular national MICS, every three years, which is very big achievement.
Census 2017, which is taking place after 19 years in Pakistan, includes Key WASH Questions
We have been very successful in advocating for the national adoption of MICS-6 indicators in
Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM), National Nutrition Survey – 2017
And there is an expressed agreement from PDHS survey

17. Key Challenges in EE Missing Regulator
Before we conclude, we will talk about key challenges in the EE work,
The most critical challenge we face in Pakistan is the absence of regulator in WASH sector Click: , Which doesn’t only mean that quality services won’t be provided but it also means that people wont pay for services and the whole accountability mechanism will get disturbed.
This is a major hurdle in putting the accountability framework for sustainable WASH services in place. This would be a major focus of our next Country programme in

18. Key Challenges in EE National and Provincial Policies are developed
Few provincial policies drafted in 2011 are yet not approved by the cabinets and outdated in terms of:-
Safely Managed – SDGs perspective
Rights perspective
Little Legislative Framework and Actionable Plan/Strategy
Way Forward:
Policy revision under SDGs context
More focus on ‘WASH Sector Master plans’ with X-sectoral linkages, approved by P&D – Facilitated/Reviewed in JSRs using WASHBAT and costing tool
Legislative gap analysis and state bill on WASH rights
The next major challenge we want to share is that ‘our National and Provincial Policies are developed’
A the EE guidance note says
That the EE creates conditions for sustainable and at scale services
If policies developed are not comprehensive enough for creating these ‘conditions’ as part of EE then it becomes a hazard. Because it easier to draft a new comprehensive policy than correcting an existing and approved one
the Guidance note also elaborates that ‘policies should be backed by a legal framework’, ‘national service norms’ and be approved by the cabinet
Now our challenge is that
Click: Few provincial policies drafted in 2011 are not yet approved by the cabinets and ar already outdated in terms of:-
SDGs perspective and
Rights perspective
There is also little reference to the Legislative Framework and Actionable Plan/Strategy which create the pre-requisite ‘conditions’
The way forward is that:
We will use the excellent window of opportunity, which is for all of us, to revise the policies in the context of SDGs
We are giving more focus on ‘WASH Sector Master plans’ with X-sectoral linkages, to be approved by P&D, which needs shorter time than the cabinet approval
We have a planned activity to undertake ‘legislative gap analysis’ on rights to water and sanitation to draft a ‘state bill’ for presentation in the parliaments
Outcome: WASH policies for HH & institutions backed by a Legal Framework include national service norms ….. approved by cabinet

19. Key Challenges in EE
Ministries of Finance and Planning do not prioritize WASH among competing priorities
Trade-Education-Health-Power-Economic Growth
Potent Federal and Provincial WASH ministries or as ‘Asian Tigers study’ by WA suggest, the MoH can help
Way Forward:
Advocacy for functional WASH unit in the ministry of Climate Change
The last key challenge we will share is that the Ministries of Finance and Planning do not prioritize WASH among other more compelling priorities
We need Potent Federal and Provincial WASH ministries or as the ‘Asian Tigers study’ by WA suggests, the MoH can be of help
Way Forward:
We will undertake structured advocacy for a functional WASH unit in the ministry of Climate Change and continue to advocate for more participation of finance and planning ministry throughout the year, especially after SWA HLM.

20. Lessons Learnt Instant results are not possible or sustainable
EE work needs allocation of resources - HR & Time wise engagement of management
Leaving Business as Usual is most difficult
Engagement with parliamentarian – something to learn as an organization
Engage ‘chambers of commerce’ to involve private sector investments
At the end, the lessons learnt that we want to share are:
Instant results are not possible or sustainable when we work for creating an Enabling environment, it needs time and multi-year engagement.
Although large impact can be achieved with minimal costing of EE activities, however, EE work needs allocation of resources, especially HR and engagement of the senior management.
Another lesson is that ‘Leaving Business as Usual’ is not easy. This may include re-structuring the government departments, facilitating HR development plans or even creating new HR positions etc.
Engagement with parliamentarian –is something to learn and invest in, if we want to make good progress on PF4C
And we should engage the ‘chambers of commerce’ to involve private sector investments

21. EE Future Plans Short Term Medium Term Long Term
Start Provincial JSRs – WASHBAT
Institutionalize JSRs to monitor progress on key bottlenecks
All key bottlenecks prioritized and removed
Localize SDG Targets - Costing tool
Facilitate sector financing strategies and engage in advocacy
Ownership and Achievement of targets
Complete diagnostic of Data Ecosystem for SDG-6
Monitor and report progress on SDG targets using government datasets
Government led Country data ecosystem to monitor progress on KPIs
Establish WASH Cell in MoCC
Functional WASH unit coordinating, reporting and guiding policy framework
Good governance of WASH sector at Federal and Provincial level
National, Regional and International priorities aligned under SDGs
Country systems aligned and used for achieving SDGs, one platform for mutual accountability
Political governments sets WASH sector agendas for development
Mass Media Campaign
Institutionalized with a board and secretariat
Sustained by campaign partners, advocates for PF4C and creation of Societal Social Norms around WASH
Sustainable WASH services
At the end we will leave with comment that
While we take start with conducting JSRs , localizing and monitoring SDGs, developing right institutions, developing synergies in different forums for dialogue and creating societal social norms,
There are medium term and long term future plans in place.

22. Thank you. kgoyol@unicef.org; knaeem@unicef.org Please Ask Questions
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