1. Chapter 12 Researching and Using Supporting Material for Your Speech
Communication
Embracing Difference Fourth Edition
Dunn and Goodnight
Chapter 12
Researching and Using Supporting Material for Your Speech
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2. Sources of Information... Personal Experiences
Adds “life” to the speech
Encourages a confident delivery
Engaging for the audience
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3. Sources of Information... Interviews
Experience and knowledge from people can enhance any topic
Someone with special knowledge can increase the quality of your presentation
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4. Finding Sources...The Library
Classification Systems
Dewey Decimal
Traditionally public libraries
Library of Congress
Traditionally academic libraries
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5. Finding Sources...The Library
Online Catalog
Search by author, title, subject, or keyword
The catalog will list all results and where they can be located using the classification system
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6. Finding Sources...The Library
Books
Frequently more in-depth than the content found in a newspaper or journal article
More commonly, a chapter or section of a book is helpful when researching for a speech
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7. Finding Sources...The Library
Newspapers
Excellent source for current topics
Articles are brief, but focused
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8. Finding Sources...The Library
Periodicals
Written sources published at regular intervals (weekly, monthly, quarterly)
Magazines allow time for developing more in-depth articles than newspapers
Journals contain research findings in a particular field
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9. Finding Sources...The Library
Encyclopedias
General and specialized encyclopedias
Specialized include signed articles by scholars in the field and are often accompanied by biographies or references to related works
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10. Finding Sources...The Library
Biographical Sources
Accomplishments by individuals
Several sources dedicated to biographies
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11. Finding Sources...The Library
Government Publications
Excellent source for current statistics
Catalog of U.S. Government Publications place to start
for online database
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12. Finding Sources...The Library
Other Media
Audiovisual sources like radio, television broadcasts, films, audio and videos
Can add dramatic appeal to your speech
Useful background information
Require prep and practice
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13. Finding Sources...The Library
Indexes and Databases
Periodical indexes let you search for a topic in hundreds of publications at once.
Larger libraries also have newspaper indexes on hand.
Library computers are the quickest way to search these sources. Oftentimes, a full text resource is available online as well.
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14. Using the Internet Using Email
Utilizing your college account, you can request information from experts in the field or others with experience with your topic
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15. Using the Internet Verifying Credible Websites Who is the source?
How old is the information?
Is the information verifiable somewhere else?
Is an or other contact information provided?
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16. Citing Sources Enhance credibility in your speech
Unethical to omit mentioning whose ideas you are borrowing
Oral citation – Giving credit orally in your speech
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17. Forms of Support for Your Speech… Examples
Factual example
Something you have observed
Grows out of your own experience
Hypothetical example
Asks the audience to imagine a situation
Effective in capturing audience’s attention
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18. Forms of Support for Your Speech… Anecdotes and Stories
Brief narratives and stories
Helps personalize your ideas
Put a human face on an issue
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19. Forms of Support for Your Speech… Statistics
People can conceptualize ideas presented in numerical terms
Things seem real when quantified
Use statistics properly and understand
Median
Mean
Mode
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20. Forms of Support for Your Speech… Authoritative Opinion
Including an expert opinion adds credibility
When using, verify:
Qualified source
Source is unbiased
Accurately quote or paraphrase
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21. Forms of Support for Your Speech… Comparisons
Analogy
Compares the features of two seemingly different objects or situations
Similies
Similies compare similar objects using the words “like” or “as”
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22. Forms of Support for Your Speech… Definition
When your speech includes jargon or technical terms, define those terms using language that is more appropriate
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23. Presentational Aids… Graphs
Helpful when presenting statistics
Line Graph
Pie Graph
Bar Graph
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24. Presentational Aids… Drawings
Help the audience better understand your topic
Provides visual explanation
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25. Presentational Aids… Movies and Video
Can stir the emotions of the audience
Engaging for the audience
Mechanics involved require preparation and practice
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26. Presentational Aids… Photographs
Photographs can capture an emotion, an attitude, or a special image
Be sure the photographs are large enough for everyone in the audience to see
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27. Presentational Aids… Your Body
Help to explain an important point in your speech
Can help reduce excess tension
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28. Presentational Aids… Computer Generated
Charts, graphs, diagrams, pictures, and many other aids can be produced using computer software
Do not get carried away
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29. Using Presentational Aids
Be sure the aids enhance your presentation
Speak directly to the audience, not the aid
Should be visible to entire audience
Keep size of room in mind
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