1. Industrialism Changes the World
Or at least Britian

2. Changes to Life: Rise of Cities
People began to realize they could earn more money working in factories than they could living on farms
With this money people could afford more necessities in life – like coal to heat their house, better clothing
Industrial Cities Rise
Provided all the factors of production: capital (money), land, labor, and entrepreneurship
By 1800, more people lived in cities than in the country
Urbanization – city building because of the number of people moving into cities
Steps to build an 1800s city:
Find a good source of flowing water
Build a factory near it
Build a few more factories near it
Invite people to work at the factories
Have to feed and clothe those people so allow other shops to move in
BAM! City!
Major cities in England:
London
Leeds
Manchester
Birmingham
Sheffield

3. Changes to Life: Living Conditions
Cities grew rapidly so,
No sanitation codes
No building codes
No development plans
No support for people who were coming from the country, so
No housing
No education
No police protection (think Jack the Ripper)
Conditions in the cities:
Garbage was piled on the edge of streets
Many unpaved streets had no drains
Whole families would live in one bedroom shelters that were dark with very little ventilation
Sickness and epidemics were wide spread
The average life span for someone in the city was about 17 years, in the country it was 38

4. Changes to Life: Working Conditions
In order to increase production, factory owners would keep the machines running as many hours as possible
Average worker spent 14 hours working 6 days a week
Unskilled workers – because the job didn’t change, people had only had to follow directions that didn’t require any skill, creating a rise of unskilled workers
Factories were dangerous
Factories were seldom well-lit or clean
Machines would break and cost workers arms, legs, or their lives
NO gov’t programs to provide protection for workers
Coal mines were the worst
Frequent cave-ins, machine accidents
Damp conditions
Constant breathing in of coal dust – black lung
Average life expectancy – 7 years
Women and children were the cheapest source of labor and they also had the smallest hands

5. Class Tensions Grow The Middle Class The Working Class
Factory owners, shippers, and merchants who controlled most of the new money generated by revolution
Separation of the Middle Class
Landowners looked down on business people because they were vulgar
Upper middle class – gov’t employees, doctors, lawyers, and mangers of factories and mines
Lower middle class – factory overseers, skilled workers
The Working Class
Laborers
Saw little improvement in their situation
Luddites - Directed their anger at the machines they thought were putting them out of work
Attacked factories with the idea of destroying machines

6. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Created jobs for workers (after being the reason they needed them)
Greatly expanded the wealth of the nation
Fostered technological progress and invention
Increased production of goods and raised the standard of living (EVENTUALLY!)
Long-Term effects:
Workers win
higher wages
Shorter hours
Better conditions
World today would be significantly different without it

7. The Mills of Manchester
Became the best example of an industrialized city
Near water-power
Available labor from the countryside
Industrial giant
Major problems:
Unplanned growth – meaning unhealthy living conditions
Wealthy would build massive mansions around the outskirts of the city that the laborers could see
Children as young as 6 would work next to their parents
Usually from 6am to 7 or 8 pm
30 min for lunch, 60 min for dinner
Overseers would beat them for crying, not working fast enough, or falling asleep
Had to put their fingers in machines to replace or repair thread, usually while the machine was still running
Pollution of the environment
British people today still hate Manchester because its an ugly city