1. Urbanisation and Slums

2. Factors in Population Distribution
Climate Resources Disease Water Accessibility Government Communication Soils Culture Development Vegetation Landscape

6. Kiberi, Nairobi, Kenya

8. Dhavari Slum, India

9. Buenos Aires, Argentina

10. Caracas, Venezuela

11. Sao Paolo, Brazil

12. 5 Features of a Slum
1. Lack of durable housing
2. Insufficient living area
3. Lack of access to clean water
4. Inadequate sanitation
5. Insecure tenure

13. Where are the slums?

14. Slum Statistics 1/3 urban population lives in slums
Africa – 70% of urban population, Majority between 15 and 24.
50% in South Asia, 40% in Africa do not have basic sanitation
1 toilet for every 500 people in Nairobi Kenya.
One of the world’s biggest slums is in Kibera, Nairobi and has 2.5 million people.

15. Haven’t we been here before?

16. Not Really
Developed world did experience urbanisation during industrial revolution
London grew 7 fold
Some cities in the developing world grew 40 fold

17. A way out? 2000 – 2010 - 227 million lifted out of slums
74% of these in Asia, especially China and India
Any solutions to bring people out of the slums?

18. Possible solutions Technology – improve sanitation
Economic – job creation – urban and rural
Encourage investment
Emergence of middle class
Housing – permanent structures with modern conveniences
Education – women and children
Healthcare – prevent disease
Protection of soil – prevent desertification

20. The Downtown Eastside

21. The DTES – facts and figures
1746 homeless people, 488 of those had no shelter space
70% had slept on street in previous year
45% had been homeless for more than a year
32% aboriginal (only 2.5% of population)
58% had substance addiction (Can average is 11% (CBC))
42% had mental illness (20% of general population at some time in tehir lives (CMHA)

22. What to do about homelessness?

23. Victoria’s Tent City What was the Province asking for?
What was the Judges’s decision?
What were the key reasons for that decision?
Why do the campers believe they should stay?
How did the Government respond?
How did the NDP respond?
How far do you agree with the judges decision and why?

24. What’s happening now?
April 2007 – Government announces $80 million scheme to buy up hotels and protect them as social housing
Advocacy Groups say covers 20% of residents
Many saw as response to coming 2010 olympics
2012 – Government agrees to refurbish SROs
Advocacy Groups say that this is only maintaining current help, not adding to it.