1. Waves Transfer of energy moving through a medium
Transfer of energy moving through a medium

2. Ocean Waves=Orbital Waves
Water particles move in a circular motion as energy passes through, however there is no net movement

3. The Anatomy of a Wave

4. Crest-highest part of the wave Trough-lowest part of the wave
The Anatomy of a Wave
Crest-highest part of the wave
Trough-lowest part of the wave
Wave Length-distance from crest to crest
Wave Height-height from the crest to trough

5. Frequency-number of waves passing per second
The Anatomy of a Wave
Frequency-number of waves passing per second
Period-time it takes for water to move one complete wavelength
Period = 1 / frequency 64

6. Factors Affecting Waves of the Ocean
-Fetch- the distance of open water over which wind can blow
(The larger the distance, the larger the wave)
-Various wavelength sizes can cause rogue waves
-Region where the waves break on the shore are known as the surf zone

7. A large mass of continuously moving ocean water
Currents
A large mass of continuously moving ocean water

9. Surface Currents Occurs at the surface Caused by the wind
Direction dependent on the Coriolis Effect

10. Coriolis Effect -Caused by the rotation of the Earth
-Will cause the Ocean currents to spin clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

11. Thermohaline Circulation/Deep Water Currents
Occurs below the surface
Caused by a change in density due to a change in temperature or salinity

12. Deep Water Currents An increase in salt = an increase in density
A decrease in temperature = an increase in density

13. Importance of Currents
-Influences Organism distribution
-Influences Ocean Environment
-Influences Weather and Climate

14. How do currents affect organism distribution?

15. Upwelling
Deep nutrient-rich cold water being brought up to the surface to replace water that has been removed from the surface (demo)
*Causes an increase in marine life population. Why?
*Only occurs in certain locations

16. How do currents affect the ocean environment?

17. El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Trade winds from East Pacific to the West Pacific Slow causing water from the West Pacific to slosh back to the East Pacific
Changes patterns in Weather (Wetter western weather)
Changes patterns in upwelling and downwelling
Changes distribution of organisms

19. How do currents affect weather?

20. How do currents affect weather?
-Affects the direction of wind
-Affects the formation of clouds

21. Hurricanes