1. Sorting Technologies for CCA Treated Wood

2. Objective
To design and implement an automated system to effectively sort CCA treated wood from other wood types at facilities such as C&D facilities

3. Automated System Designed using x-ray fluorescence technology or
Designed using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technology

4. Motivation
CCA treated wood => ~ 6 % of all wood waste at C&D facilities
Amounts of CCA treated wood at C&D facilities increasing
At 6 % level, cannot be used as mulch or burned to generate fuel

5. Sorting Studies Chemical stain method X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
laboratory results
field results from pilot studies
X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

6. Training and monitoring
Automated System
X-ray fluorescence
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Training and monitoring
chemical stains

7. Chemical Stains
Chrome Azurol S
PAN Indicator
Rubeanic Acid

8. Performance on whole wood
0.25 pcf
0.6 pcf
2.5 pcf

9. Current Practical Applications
Sorting Small Quantities of Treated from Untreated Wood
Screening Fuel Quality
Training Tool

10. Wood Encountered at C&D Facilities

11. Design for Shelter

12. Cost Estimate - Shelter
Trident $9,600 - $11,500

13. Update on Building
Tasks & Timeline
Current Contacts

16. Timeline Get Building Contractor Under Contract 1 Wk 2 Wk 1 Wk 3 D
4-6 Wks
Building Contractor Develops Design Drawing
Team Reviews Design
? Wks
Building Contractor Seals Building Design
Apply for Permit
Building Fabrication
Concrete Slab
Erect Building

17. Building Contractors Contacted
Trident -- Met with on June 7
Estimate: $9,600 - $11,500
Anderson and Ellis Construction
Job too small
Bob Howard Construction
Contacted
John F. Swift, Inc.

18. Concrete Contractors Contacted
Fred Derr Concrete
Prestige Concrete
John F. Swift

19. Initial Detector Mounting Design

20. Conveyor Design #1
Movable holding arm
Wood Piece
Table

21. Top View
Wood Piece
Table
Movable holding arm
3/4 “ to 2”

22. Cross-Sectional View Movable holding arm Wood Piece Conveyor Surface
X-rays
Detector mounting
Movable holding arm
Wood Piece
Conveyor Surface

23. Cost Estimates – Conveyor
American Conveyor, Miami $11,038
Powerscreen, Lakeland $24,500

24. Conveyor Design #2
Holding arm
Wood
Table
X-ray

25. Top View
Wood
Table

26. XRF Based on emission of x-rays
Characteristic x-ray emitted by the element is read by the instrument

27. Model 400 No special training required Analyzer User friendly
Printout or output easy to read and understand
Analyzer
Head

28. XRF Instruments Low maintenance, few consumables, easy cleaning
No repetitive calibration necessary
(6 mo. to 2 yrs.)
Life span of 10 years

29. XRF Instrument Cost range from $20,000 - $100,000
Detector replacement cost of $1,800 - $2,400
(life span of 5 years)
Licensing may be required
Sensor protected by a small beryllium window
($100 for replacement)

30. Results of XRF Studies
Arsenic is the best indicator metal, although all three metals can be analyzed for
Optimum count time of 2 seconds, would be even less for on-line analysis
1,800 ft/hr for detection of 1-ft board (2 s)
3,600 ft/hr for detection of 1-ft board (1 s)
Detection of CCA for Model 400 is possible at 1 inch distance with a plastic shield

31. X-Ray Technology Analysis Time < 2 seconds
Best Metal for Analysis, As
Largest Separation Between Sample and Detector is 1 inch

32. XRF - Collaboration ASOMA Inc (1 inch diameter face & strip model)
Jordan Valley (Hand-held unit, 3 in x 3 in face)

33. Laser Technology Analysis Time < 1 second
Best Metal for Analysis, Cr
Tolerance, 12 inches

35. On-line Sorting Technologies

36. Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

37. Sample Configuration of LIBS Probe

38. Experiments with LIBS Sample 1: 0.25% CCA Sample 2: 2.5% CCA
Sample 3: Weathered CCA
Sample 4: Weathered Utility Pole
Sample 5: New untreated
Sample 6: Weathered untreated

39. LIBS Spectrum of CCA-treated Wood

40. LIBS-based Sorting

41. Questions?