1. Starter Activity:
Download the ‘Sample Essay Forensic’ & ‘AQA Teacher Marking Grid’ from the right-hand side.
Mark the essay out of 16.
We will start at 8:30.

2. What You Really Need to Know About "Holistic Marking" for
AQA A Level Psychology
Hosted by Joseph & Jim

3. Webinar Recordings/Resources
Webinars
Coming Soon
8:30
Stress Tuesday 8:30
Gender Thursday 8:30
Eating Friday 8:30?
Webinar Recordings/Resources

4. AQA Marking Guidelines
Session Overview
Level of Response Guidelines
tutor2u Peer Marking & Teacher Marking Grids
AQA Marking Guidelines
Year 1 – 2x 12 Mark Essays (Attachment)
Year Mark Essay (Forensic)
Holistic Marking Examples
Levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal and interval.

5. AQA Marking Guidelines
Session Overview
Level of Response Guidelines
tutor2u Peer Marking & Teacher Marking Grids
AQA Marking Guidelines
Year 1 – 2x 12 Mark Essays (Attachment)
Year Mark Essay (Forensic)
Holistic Marking Examples
Levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal and interval.

6. AQA Marking Guidelines
Level of Response Guidelines
tutor2u Peer Marking & Teacher Marking Grids

7. AQA Marking
AQA provide detailed advice on ‘level of response’ marking and outline two key steps:
Determine a level
Determine a mark

8. AQA Marking To determine a level AQA suggest:
Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme to see whether the answer meets the descriptor for this level.
If the answer meet the lowest level, the continue to the next level and decide if it meets this level, and so on.

9. AQA Marking Look at the overall quality
Don’t pick holes with small and specific parts of the answer.
Use a ‘best fit’ approach
If the answer covers different aspects of the different levels, use a best fit approach.

15. AQA Marking Guidelines
Any Questions?
AQA Marking Guidelines
Level of Response Guidelines
tutor2u Peer Marking & Teacher Marking Grids

16. Holistic Marking Examples
Year 1 – 2x 12 Mark Essays (Attachment)
Year Mark Essay (Forensic)

17. Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment (12 mark)
The learning theory of attachment says that children attach to their caregivers because of food. The learning theory is based on Pavlov’s ideas of classical conditioning, for example, if we imagine that the dog is now the baby, the bell (neutral stimulus) is now the mother and the food is now milk. According to learning theory, the baby has no reaction to its mother. However, if the baby is presented with an unconditioned stimulus (food/milk) then the baby would produce an unconditioned response (relief/ happiness from being fed). During conditioning, the milk and mother are presented together, so the baby would form an association between the sight of the mother and being fed. After conditioning, the mother (now a conditioned stimulus (produces a conditioned response). A weakness of this approach comes from Harlow and Harlow, as it was proven that the monkey preferred ‘contact comfort’ from the artificial mother, instead of food. P
AO1
Some knowledge of CC, but a rather odd application which is poorly explained.
Odd use of the word produce, although some knowledge of CC is presented. P
AO1 – Specialist terminology P
AO1 – Further elaboration is required to fully explain this point. X
Awful use of the word ‘proven’

18. P P P P P 2
4or5
Develop evaluation ensuring quality over quantity. Aim to write at least one burger paragraph in your next essay.
Ensure specialist terminology is used correctly.
Some good knowledge in relation to CC was presented and some specialist terminology was also used reasonably well, in places.

19. Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment (12 mark)P
AO1
The learning theory is a ‘nurture’ explanation of attachment. Learning theory suggests that we learn to attach through classical conditioning. An example of this is learning is when a child associates their caregiver with food. The food is an unconditioned stimulus which makes a child happy (unconditioned response). The caregiver is a neutral stimulus, so produces no response in the child. During conditioning, the food and caregiver come together which makes the child happy because they’re relived from hunger. After conditioning, the child associates their caregiver with food, so they are happy upon seeing them. The caregiver is now a conditioned stimulus and the response is also conditioned. This shows that we learn to form attachments through classical conditioning and being fed. Support for this theory comes from research by Rutter. He found that adopted children are still able to form attachments, but it just takes longer. This is important because it shows that forming attachments can’t be biological, as we are still able to learn to attach. P
AO1 P
AO1
Why is the child happy? P
AO1
Well the child is… P
AO1 P
AO1 P
AO1
Very vague.
Avoid using very definitive words like ‘can’t’.
It suggests…
Possibly, but how does this support learning theory and the idea of attaching for food? X
Awful use of the word ‘proven’

20. Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment (12 mark)
A weakness of this theory comes from research by Harlow and Harlow. This study found that the baby monkey would run to the cloth monkey rather than the wired monkey that fed it, when it felt threatened by a scary mechanical toy. This is important as it shows that we attach for comfort rather than by associating a caregiver and food, as claimed by the learning theory. However, it could be argued that results can’t be extrapolated as animals were used in the study. This matters because it is argued that humans have free will and therefore findings can’t be applied to humans, as we are different. P
AO3 P
AO3 – Partially effective
Vague use of ‘free will’ and rather generic

21. P P P P P 3
8or9
You could have explored the role of operant conditioning in your outline.
Aim to include three effective discussion points – e.g. you could contrast this theory with another theory.
Accurate outline, with good focus on the question.
Some effective evaluation, in particular Harlow.

22. Peer-Marking Essays
This is an excellent activity that has the potential of saving you hours and hours of time.
If you can train your students to become effective markers, who write detailed commentary, then your life will become significantly easier.
Here’s a few tips...

23. Peer-Marking Essays
Students MUST work in pairs and read the essay together.
As they read the essay they must assign the essay a mark band, for each column on the marking grid.
The MOST important aspect of this task is for your students to write useful comments (even better if) and therefore it’s useful to model these.

24. Holistic Marking Examples
Year 1 – 2x 12 Mark Essays (Attachment)
Year Mark Essay (Forensic)

25. One approach to offender profiling is the top-down approach
One approach to offender profiling is the top-down approach. This is where the police use the evidence at the crime scene to put together a picture of the offender, which is why it is also known as crime scene analysis. Researchers argue that there are two types of offender; organised and disorganised. Organised offenders pre-plan their attack, while disorganised offenders are characterised by spur of the moment actions and crimes of passion. Canter et al. (2004) criticised the top-down approach and the idea of organised vs disorganised as they said that it was too simplistic to only consider only two types of offender. This could be seen as reductionist. Also, Douglas (1992) argued there could be a “mixed” offender type. One problem with top-down profiling is that it only relates to one type of crime, such as violent crimes and that it lacks scientific evidence and so it is hard to test it further. In comparison, the bottom-up approach is slightly better. Geographical profiling is one type of bottom-up offender profiling and has had successful results, such as David Canter’s work on the Railway Rapist case. This approach tries to use facts about the location of crimes and knowledge of how offenders are more likely to work in order to put together a profile. Because there have been successful results from this technique, it is seen to be very useful. Additionally, compared to the top-down approach, there is more usefulness to this approach because it can apply to many types of crime, not just violent crimes. Overall, both approaches to profiling get used but it seems that bottom-up is a better and more scientific approach that doesn’t rely on “hunches”. Also it has successful evidence such as Canter’s case study of the Railway Rapist.

26. Holistic Marking
5 Minutes

27. Incorrect use of the term reductionist.
One approach to offender profiling is the top-down approach. This is where the police use the evidence at the crime scene to put together a picture of the offender, which is why it is also known as crime scene analysis. Researchers argue that there are two types of offender; organised and disorganised. Organised offenders pre-plan their attack, while disorganised offenders are characterised by spur of the moment actions and crimes of passion. Canter et al. (2004) criticised the top-down approach and the idea of organised vs disorganised as they said that it was too simplistic to only consider only two types of offender. This could be seen as reductionist. Also, Douglas (1992) argued there could be a “mixed” offender type. One problem with top-down profiling is that it only relates to one type of crime, such as violent crimes and that it lacks scientific evidence and so it is hard to test it further. In comparison, the bottom-up approach is slightly better. Geographical profiling is one type of bottom-up offender profiling and has had successful results, such as David Canter’s work on the Railway Rapist case. This approach tries to use facts about the location of crimes and knowledge of how offenders are more likely to work in order to put together a profile. Because there have been successful results from this technique, it is seen to be very useful. Additionally, compared to the top-down approach, there is more usefulness to this approach because it can apply to many types of crime, not just violent crimes. Overall, both approaches to profiling get used but it seems that bottom-up is a better and more scientific approach that doesn’t rely on “hunches”. Also it has successful evidence such as Canter’s case study of the Railway Rapist. P
AO1 P
AO1
Reasonable intro, although knowledge is vague. No details of the stages involved in the top down approach.
Incorrect use of the term reductionist.
While true, this point requires further elaboration to make the evaluation effective.
The two points here are not effective and require evidence/examples and explanations. P
AO1
Knowledge is present but vague.
A reasonable attempt to compare the two approaches, although again requires much more elaboration to make the point effective.

28. P P P P P 2 8 Evaluation points were not fully elaborated or effective
Poll: Which mark band did you award this essay? 1,2,3,4
Which mark did you award this essay? 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Some good knowledge but lacking detail/examples
A range of evaluation points were presented

29. Holistic Marking Examples
Any Questions?
Holistic Marking Examples
Year 1 – 2x 12 Mark Essays (Attachment)
Year Mark Essay (Forensic)

30. Today’s Resources Posted in our Facebook Groups.
Uploaded to our ‘CPD Webinar Recordings’ page for 8 pm this evening.

31. tutor2u Resources AQA A Level Psychology Teacher Marking Pads
£3 for 100 A5-Grids

32. tutor2u sample essays
7 Issues & Debates Essays
Examiner Commentary

33. Don’t forget to sign up for our future webinars: www. tutor2u
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