1. Toward high level availability: Introduction of evaluation index for transport disruption
11 October, 2016
RAILWAY PRO investment summit
“European railway business in a global environment”
Kenji MURASAKI
Deputy Director Brussels Branch
East Japan Railway Company (JR East)

2. Contents
JR East (East Japan Railway Company) at a glance
Description of “Railway RAMS” in IEC 62278
Importance of availability in Japanese railway market
What is “POINT”? – an evaluation method of availability developed by JR East

3. 1. JR East at a glance
JR East is a private integrated railway and dividend paying company. Infrastructure and the provision of transport services are integrated under one roof. We can lease our infrastructure to other operators.
JR East is the largest passenger railway operator in Japan which manages the railway system in the east half of mainland Japan including Tokyo metropolitan area (Operating revenue in FY 2015: Approx. 24 billion Euro)
JR East can operate high frequency commuter trains, regional trains, sight-seeing trains, and high speed trains.
JR East
In addition to transportation business, we also run non-rail businesses such as in-station commerce, shopping center operation, office leasing, ICT service, etc.
Tokyo 3

4. 2. Description of “Railway RAMS” in IEC 62278
4.3.3 Attainment of in-service safety and availability targets can only be achieved by meeting all reliability and maintainability requirements and controlling the ongoing, long-term, maintenance and operational activities and the system environment.
Reliability and
Maintainability
Operation and
Maintenance
Railway RAMS　
Safety
Availability
こちらはIEC62278(International Electro technical Commission)における、鉄道RAMSに関する記述になります。
4.3.3節では、運用時における安全性とアベイラビリティの目標の達成は，信頼性と保全性に関するすべての要求事項を満たし，長期に渡って継続的に行われる保全と運用活動及びシステム環境を管理することによってだけ実現することができると記述されています。
すなわち鉄道RAMSの達成のためには、安全とアベイラビリティが重要であり、それらの実現のためには信頼性、保全性、また運用と保全が大切であると書いてあります。これは重要な図と思っています。
This is the description on Railway RAMS in IEC62278.
In sub-clause4, ---
Attainment of in-service safety and availability targets can only be achieved by meeting all reliability and maintainability requirements and controlling the ongoing, long-term, maintenance and operational activities and the system environment.
That is to say, safety and availability is very important for railway RAMS.
4.3.4 Figure2: Inter-relation of railway RAMS elements

5. 2. Description of “Railway RAMS” in IEC 62278
Safety
Availability
Sub-clause 4.6, 4.7, 4.8
Sub-clause 4.5
Total number of pages regarding
safety is 12 pages.
Total number of pages regarding
availability is only 4 pages.
こちらはIEC62278(International Electro technical Commission)における、鉄道RAMSに関する記述になります。
4.3.3節では、運用時における安全性とアベイラビリティの目標の達成は，信頼性と保全性に関するすべての要求事項を満たし，長期に渡って継続的に行われる保全と運用活動及びシステム環境を管理することによってだけ実現することができると記述されています。
すなわち鉄道RAMSの達成のためには、安全とアベイラビリティが重要であり、それらの実現のためには信頼性、保全性、また運用と保全が大切であると書いてあります。これは重要な図と思っています。
This is the description on Railway RAMS in IEC62278.
In sub-clause4, ---
Attainment of in-service safety and availability targets can only be achieved by meeting all reliability and maintainability requirements and controlling the ongoing, long-term, maintenance and operational activities and the system environment.
That is to say, safety and availability is very important for railway RAMS.
Reliability and
Maintainability
Operation and
Maintenance
Availability section has limited information and is not elaborated well.
We want to ensure availability as well as safety of railway.

6. 3. Importance of availability in Japanese railway market
Availability is especially important in Japanese railway business
Why?
Number of passengers are huge
JR East has 17 million passengers per day.
Once disruption happens, it causes significant impacts on social and economic activities.
Passengers’ expectation of availability is quite high
Lack of availability may negatively affect customer satisfaction.
Stations are congested even in normal situation 6

7. 3. Importance of availability in Japanese railway market
Appropriate indicator is necessary
to evaluate and strategically improve the availability
JR East’s idea: Aspects to be taken into account
Impacts on passengers
How many passengers are forced to wait for how long?
Delays after resumption of operation
Lingering delays and its impact on passengers.
Passengers’ expectations to availability
Passengers’ expectations differ according to the cause of delay.
JR East created “POINT” as an indicator of availability. 7

8. 4. What is “POINT”?
Existing evaluation methods for transport disruption are as follows:
(1) Number of train service cancellation (2) Number of delayed trains (3) Train delay time (4) Number of passengers affected by transport disruption
But the existing evaluation methods do not always provide a clear picture on how much transport disruption affected the passengers.
Therefore, JR East has developed a new index. It enables us to make the evaluation more realistic one. We call it “POINT”.
POINT is an acronym that stands for Personage Of INfluence on Transportation. POINT is basically the number of passengers who wait longer than usual.

9. 4. What is “POINT”? × Results Basic Schedule
A station
A station
TRAIN
B station
B station
C station
C station ×
ACCIDENT
D station
D station
E station
RESUMPTION
E station
TIME
Passengers who had to wait longer than usual
Effects on passengers due to gap
Number of Passengers (Normal situation)
NUMBER OF PASSENGERS
Effects on passengers due to cancelation
Above the two diagrams are the train schedules.
The schedule on the left indicates the basic train schedule under normal situations while the other one indicates a disrupted results of schedule.
Below are bar charts that indicate the number of passengers for every 10-minute time increment.
Notice that the schedule on the right side indicates an accident at C station and there is a 30-minute delay on the schedule. The cancellation due to the accident affects the passengers on D station and so on.
Since the passengers cannot get on the train on time due to the accident, there is a build-up of passengers until the train resumes from the delayed schedule and the disruption is fixed. This is shown by the red bars on the right chart.
To get the value of POINT, multiply the number of affected passengers by the delayed time equals the total delayed time. Thus the formula:
POINT=logΣ(Number of affected passengers × Delayed time)
TIME (10min/div)
Above shows the basic idea of the “POINT” with an example of accident at C station causing a 30-minute delay on the schedule. Since the passengers at D station cannot get on the train on time due to the accident, there is a build-up of passengers, shown in red bars, until the train schedule gets back to normal. “POINT” calculates the impact of the delay based on the number of passengers who are forced to wait longer than usual and their wait time.

10. POINT=log∑(Number of affected passengers × Delayed time)
4. What is “POINT”?
POINT=log∑(Number of affected passengers × Delayed time)
The result of calculation is multiplied by 3 in the case of internal causes, since passengers’ complaint level tends to be three times higher than one in the case of external causes.
Ex.: Trespass caused 60min delay to passengers due to suspended operation and passengers delayed 20mins due to disrupted operation after the resumption
Log ( [passenger] x 60 [min] [passenger] x 20 [min] ) = 6,0
Accidents
Affected passengers ×
Delayed minutes
The passenger falls to the track at sub-urban station (Suspended 43 min)
The vehicle breakdown at urban station
(Internal cause → x3) →
The track breakdown on urban line →
Calculated
POINT
6,0
7,5
8,7
log10

11. Management value of “POINT”
4. What is “POINT”?
POINT supports decision making on availability improvement
Level
Indication of “POINT”
Management value of “POINT”
POINT 8
Effect of 100 million:
Several hours suspension in Tokyo metropolitan area
The accident must be reviewed by board members to clarify the solutions.
We make it a rule to allocate special budget to execute the effective measures and trace the progress every quarter.
POINT 7
Effect of 10 million:
Huge dissatisfaction of passengers in rush hours
POINT 6
Effect of 1 million:
Large dissatisfaction
In the case of internal causes, we clarify the solutions.
If necessary, we carry out the effective measures.
POINT 5
Effect of 0,1 million:
Medium dissatisfaction
It can be said that safety is already a prerequisite for the sustainable railway business. Now, availability should be focused in light of customer satisfaction. “POINT” enables us to evaluate the level of transport disruption from this point of view and identify the required investment to make railways more attractive.

12. Thank you for your kind attention
Contact
Tel: 32 (0)
Brussels Branch
East Japan Railway Company (JR East)